Glycemic, lipid, anthropometric and body composition responses to two Mango varieties versus white bread in people with type 2 diabetes: an 8-week randomised controlled trial.

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Limited scientific evidence exists regarding the impact of mangoes on glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). This randomized controlled trial assessed the effects of 8 weeks consumption of 250 gram/day of two popular Indian mango varieties ( and ) compared to bread intake on glycemia, anthropometry and lipids in individuals with T2D. The study enrolled 35 participants with T2D, dividing them into three groups: mango ( = 10), mango ( = 10), and bread as controls ( = 15), monitoring glycemic parameters, insulin sensitivity, anthropometric measurements (including 7 skinfolds), body composition measurement and lipid profile. Both mango varieties demonstrated significant improvements compared to bread in multiple parameters, with the and groups showing fasting blood glucose reductions of 26.9 mg/dL (mango alone -7 mg/dL) and 36.1 mg/dL (mango alone -18.7 mg/dL), while glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) decreased by 0.9% (bread +0.3% mango -0.6) and 0.5% (bread +0.3% mango -0.2%), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) decreased by 1.7 and 1.2, respectively, with reference to bread. Blood glucose values by self-monitoring decreased in mango group at all four time points, while body weight and total skinfolds decreased in both mango groups by 2.4 kg (bread +1.9 kg mango -0.5 kg) () and 2.1 kg (bread +1.9 kg mango -0.4 kg) (), and 17.7 mm () and 20 mm (), respectively, with reference to bread. Waist circumference showed significant reduction in mango groups compared to bread group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) increased significantly in both mango groups. To summarise, regular consumption of and mangoes instead of bread in breakfast, in a measured and controlled manner as a part of calorie restrictive diet, improved glycemic control, weight, waist circumference,, skinfold thickness, insulin sensitivity and HDL-C in T2D subjects.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-025-01690-w.