Kishor P B Kavi, Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy, Rao K R S Sambasiva, Sapara Vidhi J, Kumar S Anil, Singam Prashanth, Nikam T D, Sreenivasulu Nese
Department of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, 502 234, India.
Planta. 2025 Aug 5;262(3):72. doi: 10.1007/s00425-025-04787-x.
The molecular mechanisms involved in root architecture is crucial for developing crops with better salt stress tolerance are reviewed. Unraveling the intricate salt tolerance mechanisms is crucial to developing crop plants that can survive and produce superior yields. Soil salinity impacts predominantly root and shoot growth, thereby diminishing the final yields. Salt stress incites far-reaching consequences at the root meristem level. Hence it is essential to delineate the alterations in root anatomy resulting from salt stress and maintenance of the root meristem is essential for plants to achieve stress tolerance. This review addresses the contemporary comprehension of salinity and the adverse conditions under which plants thrive by regulating root tropism (halotropism), fluctuations in apoplastic pH, and their effects on root response outcomes, as well as the hormonal modulation of root growth and architecture. The complex interplay of auxin crosstalk with ABA and other hormones in conferring salt tolerance has been discussed. The position-dependent signaling events and feedback loops regulated through specific transcription factors that are critical for root remodeling and stress mitigation have been highlighted. The insights thus far generated may help to develop strategies for breeding crop plants with desired salt-tolerant traits with higher productivity.
本文综述了参与根系结构形成的分子机制，这些机制对于培育具有更强耐盐性的作物至关重要。揭示复杂的耐盐机制对于培育能够存活并实现高产的作物至关重要。土壤盐分主要影响根和地上部的生长，从而降低最终产量。盐胁迫在根分生组织水平上引发深远影响。因此，明确盐胁迫导致的根系解剖结构变化以及维持根分生组织对于植物实现胁迫耐受性至关重要。本综述阐述了对盐度的当代理解以及植物通过调节根向性（向盐性）、质外体pH波动及其对根响应结果的影响来适应逆境的情况，以及根生长和结构的激素调节。讨论了生长素与脱落酸及其他激素在赋予耐盐性方面的复杂相互作用。强调了通过特定转录因子调节的位置依赖性信号事件和反馈回路，这些对于根重塑和缓解胁迫至关重要。迄今为止所获得的见解可能有助于制定策略，培育具有所需耐盐性状且生产力更高的作物品种。
