Feng Yang, Guo Fenggen, Wang Shiyi, Liu Zhengjie, Long Wenhong
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
College of Horticulture and Landscape, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
Plant Cell Rep. 2025 Aug 5;44(8):192. doi: 10.1007/s00299-025-03579-7.
Silencing of CqGID1s from quinoa resulted in severely dwarfed plants, whereas CqGID1 overexpression significantly increased GA sensitivity and plant height in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gibberellin (GA) is an important phytohormone that regulates seed germination and growth, and the GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GIDI) is a key mediator of GA. In this study, we identified three quinoa GID1 genes: the expression level of CqGID1c was low during the germination of quinoa seeds, whereas those of CqGID1b1 and CqGID1b2 were high, suggesting that CqGID1b1 and CqGID1b2 may play important roles in the germination of quinoa seeds. The silencing of CqGID1s in quinoa resulted in severe plant dwarfism, whereas CqGID1-overexpressing Arabidopsis had significantly increased plant heights. Overexpression of CqGID1s increased the sensitivity of plants to GA. CqGID1s-overexpressed Arabidopsis showed a significant increase in root length, hypocotyl length, seed germination rate, internode number, and flowering time. Both overexpression and silencing of CqGID1s caused changes in the endogenous hormone contents and the expression of genes related to GA biosynthesis and degradation, suggesting that GA-mediated plant growth and development is influenced by its signaling, biosynthesis, and degradation genes. Overall, our study identified and investigated quinoa CqGID1s, established a foundation for understanding the role of GID1 in plant growth and development, and provided a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism by which the GA signaling pathway regulates seed germination and plant height in quinoa.
藜麦中CqGID1s的沉默导致植株严重矮化，而CqGID1的过表达显著提高了拟南芥对赤霉素（GA）的敏感性并增加了株高。赤霉素（GA）是一种调节种子萌发和生长的重要植物激素，而赤霉素不敏感矮化1（GIDI）是GA的关键介质。在本研究中，我们鉴定了三个藜麦GID1基因：CqGID1c在藜麦种子萌发期间表达水平较低，而CqGID1b1和CqGID1b2的表达水平较高，这表明CqGID1b1和CqGID1b2可能在藜麦种子萌发中起重要作用。藜麦中CqGID1s的沉默导致植株严重矮化，而过表达CqGID1的拟南芥株高显著增加。CqGID1s的过表达增加了植物对GA的敏感性。过表达CqGID1s的拟南芥在根长、下胚轴长度、种子萌发率、节间数和开花时间上均显著增加。CqGID1s的过表达和沉默均导致内源激素含量以及与GA生物合成和降解相关基因的表达发生变化，这表明GA介导的植物生长发育受其信号传导、生物合成和降解基因的影响。总体而言，我们的研究鉴定并研究了藜麦CqGID1s，为理解GID1在植物生长发育中的作用奠定了基础，并为阐明GA信号通路调控藜麦种子萌发和株高的机制提供了理论依据。
