Guidry Jeanine P D, Laestadius Linnea I, Burton Candace W, Perrin Paul B, Miller Carrie A, Pinto Melissa D, Stevens Michael P, Chelimsky Thomas, Gharbo Raouf, Cuddeback Gary S, Carlyle Kellie E
Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
Joseph J. Zilber College of Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Clin Nurs Res. 2025 Jul;34(6):267-276. doi: 10.1177/10547738251360170. Epub 2025 Aug 5.
Health problems associated with post-acute COVID-19, also known as "Long COVID," range from mild to severe. The best defense against this potentially serious condition is to prevent COVID-19 infection and reinfection. The same preventive measures for COVID-19 may be used to help prevent the spread of Long COVID. This study used the Health Belief Model (HBM) to examine whether and how public understanding and awareness of Long COVID and its prevention shape the adoption of COVID-19 preventive behaviors. = 605 English-speaking U.S.-based adults were recruited via Qualtrics. Predictors of intention to carry out COVID-19 preventive behaviors were investigated. Outcomes included behaviors relevant to preventing both acute and Long COVID. Across all models, except the one examining intent to get a vaccine booster, Black respondents were more likely than White respondents to express intent to carry out COVID-19 preventive behaviors. In addition, HBM constructs added significantly to the regression models. Susceptibility to Long COVID was significant for all behavioral outcomes (all s < .05), self-efficacy for wearing a mask ( < .001), and self-efficacy for testing for COVID-19 after exposure and before a social event (s < .001). In addition, perceived benefits for Long COVID prevention predicted intent of mask-wearing ( < .001), testing before a social event ( = .002), and getting a vaccine booster ( = .001). Perceived severity of Long COVID did not significantly predict adherence to preventive behaviors. U.S. adults are more likely to express intent to carry out COVID-19 preventive behaviors, such as masking and receiving booster vaccines, when they report feeling greater susceptibility to Long COVID as well as greater self-efficacy for engaging in these preventive behaviors. Public health messaging about Long COVID with incorporation of HBM constructs may be an effective means of increasing continued recommended COVID-19 preventive behaviors, which also hold co-benefits for prevention of infections, such as influenza and measles, as well as emerging viruses such as avian flu.
与急性后新冠病毒感染（也称为“长新冠”）相关的健康问题程度不一，从轻微到严重。预防这种潜在严重状况的最佳方法是预防新冠病毒感染和再次感染。用于预防新冠病毒的相同预防措施可用于帮助预防长新冠的传播。本研究使用健康信念模型（HBM）来检验公众对长新冠及其预防的理解和认识是否以及如何影响新冠病毒预防行为的采用。通过Qualtrics招募了605名以英语为母语的美国成年人。调查了实施新冠病毒预防行为的意图预测因素。结果包括与预防急性新冠和长新冠相关的行为。在所有模型中，除了考察接种疫苗加强针意图的模型外，黑人受访者比白人受访者更有可能表示有实施新冠病毒预防行为的意图。此外，健康信念模型的构成因素对回归模型有显著补充。对长新冠的易感性对所有行为结果均有显著影响（所有p值均小于0.05），戴口罩的自我效能感（p值小于0.001），以及接触新冠病毒后和社交活动前进行新冠病毒检测的自我效能感（p值小于0.001）。此外，对预防长新冠的感知益处预测了戴口罩的意图（p值小于0.001）、社交活动前检测的意图（p值等于0.002）和接种疫苗加强针的意图（p值等于0.001）。对长新冠的感知严重程度并未显著预测对预防行为的依从性。当美国成年人报告感觉自己更易感染长新冠以及实施这些预防行为的自我效能感更强时，他们更有可能表示有实施新冠病毒预防行为的意图，如戴口罩和接种加强针。纳入健康信念模型构成因素的关于长新冠的公共卫生信息传递可能是增加持续推荐的新冠病毒预防行为的有效手段，这些行为对预防流感和麻疹等感染以及禽流感等新兴病毒也有共同益处。
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