Differential Responses to Targeted Therapies in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Comparative Analysis of Outcomes in Patients with Single EGFR Mutation and Concurrent Gene Alterations.

BACKGROUND

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors () improve the quality of life in individuals with EGFR mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study evaluates the treatment outcomes of NSCLC patients with concurrent gene alterations, aiming to determine their predictive significance concerning responses to therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from January 2019 to June 2023. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with a single mutation (Group 1) and those with concurrent mutations (Group 2).

RESULTS

Among 109 patients with EGFR mutations, 72 showed partial responses (66.1%), one had a complete response (0.9%), and 17 had stable disease (15.6%); 19 experienced progressive disease (17.4%). The overall response rate (ORR) was 67%, and the disease control rate (DCR) was 82.6%. Progression-free survival (PFS) was 15.03 months (95% CI: 13.17-16.89) in the single EGFR mutation group and 11.00 months (95% CI: 9.95-12.05) in the concurrent mutations group (P = 0.001). Among 43 patients with concurrent mutations, those with mutations had the longest PFS (13.43 months), followed by (11.00 months), while alterations showed the shortest PFS (4.77 months).

CONCLUSION

Concurrent gene alterations in NSCLC are associated with reduced efficacy of . Patients with , or mutations have poorer predictive outcomes compared to those without these alterations.