Li Xinyu, Zhou Jingpei, Peng Wanqing, Zhao Renhui, Sun Quan, Liu Zhijuan, Liu Yanning, Li Ziyuan, Huang Ziting, Zhang Yihui, Zhang Shuqiao, Hong Xubo, Chen Zhenhu, Lyu Jun, Wang Nanbu
The First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 22;13:1618533. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1618533. eCollection 2025.
Early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) presents a significant financial burden on healthcare systems and medical expenses. However, there has been a lack of comprehensive quantitative assessments to fully understand the extent of this burden. The Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) initiative aims to provide a standardized and thorough evaluation of these factors on a global, regional, and national scale. This study aimed to calculate the global burden of EOPD and characterize regional disparities, SDI-based inequalities, and gender differences in disease burden, with a focus on trends from 1990 to 2021.
We utilized data from the GBD Study 2021 to analyze the burden of EOPD by examining factors such as incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality rates. We focused on trends in EOPD incidence, prevalence, DALYs, and deaths from 1990 to 2021. Additionally, socio-demographic index (SDI)-related determinants that influence EOPD DALYs and characterized the disparities in EOPD burden associated with different SDI levels over the same period.
In EOPD, a significant increase in age-standardized rates for incidence, prevalence, and DALYs while the death rate declined. Males exhibited a higher burden than females across all metrics. Geographic disparities showed that East Asia had the highest rates of incidence and DALYs, while Andean Latin America recorded the highest prevalence. Countries with higher SDI levels, particularly China, Bolivia, and Peru, bore the greatest burden. Socioeconomic patterns suggested high-middle SDI regions experienced the highest rates of incidence and prevalence, whereas middle-SDI regions showed the highest rates of disability and mortality. Decomposition analysis revealed population growth was the primary driver of increased DALYs in middle-SDI regions. Additionally, inequality analysis indicated that countries with higher SDI levels faced a disproportionately lower burden of disease.
This study confirms a global increase in the burden of EOPD, and indicate rising incidence and prevalence rates, an increase in DALYs, and a decline in mortality rates. A notable predominance of male cases, along with significant geographic and socioeconomic disparities. Regions with a middle SDI experience the most significant burden of disability and mortality, primarily driven by population growth. This underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to address these inequities.
早发性帕金森病（EOPD）给医疗系统和医疗费用带来了巨大的经济负担。然而，一直缺乏全面的定量评估来充分了解这一负担的程度。全球疾病负担（GBD）倡议旨在在全球、区域和国家层面提供对这些因素的标准化和全面评估。本研究旨在计算EOPD的全球负担，并描述区域差异、基于社会人口指数（SDI）的不平等以及疾病负担中的性别差异，重点关注1990年至2021年的趋势。
我们利用2021年全球疾病负担研究的数据，通过检查发病率、患病率、伤残调整生命年（DALYs）和死亡率等因素来分析EOPD的负担。我们重点关注1990年至2021年EOPD发病率、患病率、DALYs和死亡情况的趋势。此外，还分析了与社会人口指数（SDI）相关的决定因素，这些因素影响EOPD的DALYs，并描述了同期不同SDI水平下EOPD负担的差异。
在EOPD中，年龄标准化发病率、患病率和DALYs显著增加，而死亡率下降。在所有指标上，男性的负担均高于女性。地理差异表明，东亚的发病率和DALYs最高，而安第斯拉丁美洲的患病率最高。SDI水平较高的国家，特别是中国、玻利维亚和秘鲁，负担最重。社会经济模式表明，高中等SDI地区的发病率和患病率最高，而中等SDI地区的残疾率和死亡率最高。分解分析显示，人口增长是中等SDI地区DALYs增加的主要驱动因素。此外，不平等分析表明，SDI水平较高的国家面临的疾病负担相对较低。
本研究证实了全球EOPD负担的增加，表明发病率和患病率上升、DALYs增加以及死亡率下降。男性病例明显占主导地位，同时存在显著的地理和社会经济差异。中等SDI地区的残疾和死亡率负担最重，主要由人口增长驱动。这凸显了采取针对性干预措施解决这些不平等问题的迫切需要。
