Jeong Heeseong, Jeong Dae Hyoun, Yoon Suji, Kim Se Jong, Lee Sae Yong
Department of Sports and Health Management, Mokwon University, Daejeon, Korea (the Republic of).
International Olympic Committee Research Centre Korea, Yonsei Institute of Sports Science & Exercise Medicine, Seoul, Korea (the Republic of).
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2025 Aug 4;11(3):e002544. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2025-002544. eCollection 2025.
This study aimed to describe and compare the epidemiological injury patterns at the World Taekwondo Championships (WTC) in 2017 Muju, 2019 Manchester and 2022 Guadalajara, with consideration of changes in the competition rules.
A retrospective cohort study design using a modified injury surveillance system (ISS) was applied across three WTC events. Injury incidence proportion was computed and calculated both per 1000 athlete exposures and per 1000 minutes of exposure.
Across the three events, 2663 athlete registrations and 4712 exposures were recorded. Injury incidence rates decreased from 13.49 (95% CI 11.18 to 15.80) per 100 athlete exposures in 2017 to 6.41 (95% CI 4.79 to 8.03) in 2019, before increasing to 8.60 (95% CI 6.51 to 10.69) in 2022. Injury patterns shifted, with fewer head and neck injuries and more upper extremity injuries. Severe injuries declined, with changes linked to revised rules, scoring systems and match formats. Male and heavyweight athletes consistently showed higher injury rates across all WTCs.
Our study revealed significant changes in injury profile across the three WTCs, coinciding with major competition rule modifications. Despite the overall decrease in injury incidence rates, variations in injury distribution associated with rule modifications were observed. The observed reduction in severe injuries and overall injury rates suggests enhanced athlete safety. However, these findings highlight the importance of ongoing assessment and refinement of competition rules, athlete preparation protocols and ISS to further confirm and improve the safety of taekwondo athletes.
本研究旨在描述和比较2017年茂朱、2019年曼彻斯特和2022年瓜达拉哈拉世界跆拳道锦标赛（WTC）的流行病学损伤模式，并考虑比赛规则的变化。
采用改良损伤监测系统（ISS）的回顾性队列研究设计应用于三项WTC赛事。计算损伤发生率，以每1000名运动员暴露次数和每1000分钟暴露时间为单位进行计算。
在这三项赛事中，共记录了2663名运动员注册和4712次暴露。损伤发生率从2017年每100名运动员暴露13.49例（95%可信区间11.18至15.80）降至2019年的6.41例（95%可信区间4.79至8.03），然后在2022年升至8.60例（95%可信区间6.51至10.69）。损伤模式发生了变化，头部和颈部损伤减少，上肢损伤增多。重伤有所下降，这与规则、计分系统和比赛形式的修订有关。在所有WTC赛事中，男性和重量级运动员的损伤率一直较高。
我们的研究揭示了三项WTC赛事中损伤情况的显著变化，这与主要比赛规则的修改相吻合。尽管损伤发生率总体下降，但观察到与规则修改相关的损伤分布存在差异。观察到的重伤和总体损伤率的降低表明运动员安全性有所提高。然而，这些发现凸显了持续评估和完善比赛规则、运动员准备方案和ISS的重要性，以进一步确认和提高跆拳道运动员的安全性。
