Wang Tuan-Tuan, Zhang Hong-Jin, Guo Tuan-Qi, Luo Jia-Yu, Li Bi-Jiao, Liao Wen-Qing, Mo Ling, Wang Sai, Huang Yue-Hua
Center for Eco-Environment Restoration Engineering of Hainan Province, School of Ecology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2025 Aug 5;221:118521. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118521.
Dongzhai Harbor Mangrove forest, which is one of the largest mangrove forests in China, is currently contaminated by antibiotics from aquaculture and human activities in the vicinity. However, insufficient research has been conducted on antibiotic pollution in Dongzhai Harbor, which could affect the antibiotic pollution levels in the mangrove forest. In this study, the occurrence, distribution and risk assessment of 37 antibiotics in the seawater and sediment of Dongzhai Harbor were analyzed. Thirty-one and 27 kinds of antibiotics were detected in the seawater and sediment of Dongzhai Harbor, respectively. The average concentrations of total antibiotics in the seawater and sediment were 62.81 ng/L and 2.26 ng/g dw, respectively, which were at a low to moderate pollution levels. Ciprofloxacin (CFX) (11.44 ng/L) and oxolinic acid (OA) (5.33 ng/L) were the main antibiotics in seawater. CFX (1.77 ng/g dw), enoxacin (ENX) (1.64 ng/g dw), cinoxacin (CINX) (1.09 ng/g dw) and norfloxacin (NFX) (1.03 ng/g dw) were the main antibiotics in the sediments. Correlation analysis revealed that the sediment-water partition coefficient (K) values of the 13 antibiotics were significantly positively correlated with the molecular weight (MW), octanol water partition coefficient (K) and LogK of the antibiotics. The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the K of ofloxacin (OFX) was significantly positively correlated with the organic carbon content (f) in the sediments. The results of the principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model revealed that the antibiotics in Dongzhai Harbor were derived mainly from aquaculture wastewater, domestic sewage and livestock and poultry breeding operations in the vicinity of Dongzhai Harbor. OFX in seawater posed a low risk (0.00-0.29) at 91 % of the sampling sites, whereas ENX (0.22), CFX (0.07), enrofloxacin (0.24), OFX (0.36) and NFX (0.10) in sediments posed a medium-high risk at more than 70 % of the sampling sites. The antibiotic mixtures (0.08-3.61) in the sediment posed moderate and high ecological risks at 50 % and 45 % of the sampling sites, respectively. To assist regulators in monitoring and managing antibiotic pollution in Dongzhai Harbor, sulfadiazine (SDZ) and OFX were selected as indicators of antibiotic pollution in the seawater of Dongzhai Harbor. The results of the present study provide a theoretical basis for managing and preventing antibiotic pollution in gulf and mangrove ecosystems in Dongzhai Harbor.
东寨港红树林是中国最大的红树林之一，目前正受到附近水产养殖和人类活动产生的抗生素污染。然而，针对东寨港抗生素污染的研究尚不充分，这可能会影响红树林中的抗生素污染水平。本研究分析了东寨港海水和沉积物中37种抗生素的存在情况、分布特征及风险评估。东寨港海水和沉积物中分别检测到31种和27种抗生素。海水和沉积物中总抗生素的平均浓度分别为62.81 ng/L和2.26 ng/g干重，处于低至中度污染水平。环丙沙星（CFX）（11.44 ng/L）和恶喹酸（OA）（5.33 ng/L）是海水中的主要抗生素。CFX（1.77 ng/g干重）、依诺沙星（ENX）（1.64 ng/g干重）、西诺沙星（CINX）（1.09 ng/g干重）和诺氟沙星（NFX）（1.03 ng/g干重）是沉积物中的主要抗生素。相关性分析表明，13种抗生素的沉积物-水分配系数（K）值与抗生素的分子量（MW）、正辛醇-水分配系数（K）和LogK显著正相关。多元线性回归分析结果表明，氧氟沙星（OFX）的K值与沉积物中的有机碳含量（f）显著正相关。主成分分析和正定矩阵因子分解（PMF）受体模型结果表明，东寨港的抗生素主要来源于东寨港附近的水产养殖废水、生活污水以及畜禽养殖活动。海水中的OFX在91%的采样点处风险较低（0.00 - 0.29），而沉积物中的ENX（0.22）、CFX（0.07）、恩诺沙星（0.24）、OFX（0.36）和NFX（0.10）在超过70%的采样点处存在中高风险。沉积物中的抗生素混合物（0.08 - 3.61）在50%和45%的采样点处分别存在中度和高度生态风险。为协助监管机构监测和管理东寨港的抗生素污染，选择磺胺嘧啶（SDZ）和OFX作为东寨港海水抗生素污染的指标。本研究结果为管理和预防东寨港海湾及红树林生态系统中的抗生素污染提供了理论依据。
