Youshaa Maram, van der Waerden Judith, Zoumenou Roméo, Massougbodji Achille, Boivin Michael J, Bodeau-Livinec Florence, Marr Ketevan
Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (IPLESP), Épidémiologie Sociale, Santé Mentale et Addictions (ESSMA), Paris, 75012, France.
Institut de Recherche Clinique du Benin (IRCB), Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2025 Aug 6. doi: 10.1007/s00127-025-02982-5.
Postpartum depression symptoms (PPDS) and postpartum anxiety symptoms (PPAS) are a major global public health issue, especially in low-resource settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPDS and PPAS in Benin, Sub-Saharan Africa, at one year postpartum and to identify associated risk and protective factors.
Pregnant women were recruited for a longitudinal mother-child cohort in the Allada District of Benin, and a cross-sectional analysis was performed on data collected at one-year postpartum. Maternal depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed one year postpartum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)-validated in Benin and translated into Fon-and its anxiety subscale (EPDS-3 A). Cut-off scores for high depressive and anxiety symptoms were ≥ 13 and ≥ 6, respectively. Potential risk and protective factors including maternal, child characteristics, socioeconomic status, and social support were analyzed using multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models.
At one year postpartum, 13% of 742 mothers had PPDS, and 21% PPAS. Risk factors for PPDS included recent alcohol consumption (previous three months) (aOR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.17-3.02) and food insecurity (aOR = 4.47; 95%CI: 1.29-17.4), while partner cohabitation reduced PPDS odds (aOR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.26-0.80). PPAS risk factors included recent alcohol consumption (aOR = 2.17; 95%CI: 1.44-3.28) and regular child care support from 3 + childcare providers (aOR = 2.91; 95%CI: 1.50-5.68). Protective factors for PPAS included the minority Aizo ethnicity (aOR = 0.58; 95%CI: 0.36-0.93) and living in an individual house (aOR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.24-0.85).
This study sheds light on the prevalence of PPDS and PPAS at one year postpartum in the Beninese context, as well as associated factors. Findings underscore the importance of establishing postpartum psychological follow-up and targeted strategies to support maternal mental health in low-resource settings, addressing both socioeconomic vulnerabilities and social support structures.
产后抑郁症状（PPDS）和产后焦虑症状（PPAS）是一个重大的全球公共卫生问题，在资源匮乏地区尤为突出。本研究旨在确定撒哈拉以南非洲国家贝宁产后一年时PPDS和PPAS的患病率，并识别相关的风险和保护因素。
在贝宁阿拉达区招募孕妇参与一项母婴纵向队列研究，并对产后一年收集的数据进行横断面分析。产后一年时，使用在贝宁验证并翻译成芳语的爱丁堡产后抑郁量表（EPDS）及其焦虑分量表（EPDS-3A）评估产妇的抑郁和焦虑症状。抑郁和焦虑症状严重的临界值分别为≥13分和≥6分。使用多变量调整逻辑回归模型分析包括产妇、儿童特征、社会经济状况和社会支持等潜在风险和保护因素。
产后一年时，742名母亲中有13%患有PPDS，21%患有PPAS。PPDS的风险因素包括近期饮酒（前三个月）（调整后比值比[aOR]=1.88；95%置信区间[CI]：1.17-3.02）和粮食不安全（aOR=4.47；95%CI：1.29-17.4），而与伴侣同居可降低患PPDS的几率（aOR=0.45；95%CI：0.26-0.80）。PPAS的风险因素包括近期饮酒（aOR=2.17；95%CI：1.44-3.28）和有3名及以上儿童保育提供者提供定期儿童保育支持（aOR=2.91；95%CI：1.50-5.68）。PPAS的保护因素包括少数族裔艾佐族（aOR=0.58；95%CI：0.36-0.93）和居住在独立房屋中（aOR=0.45；95%CI：0.24-0.85）。
本研究揭示了贝宁产后一年时PPDS和PPAS的患病率以及相关因素。研究结果强调了在资源匮乏地区建立产后心理随访和针对性策略以支持产妇心理健康的重要性，同时要关注社会经济脆弱性和社会支持结构。
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