Rashid Harun A, Kircher Tilo, Straube Benjamin
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), Marburg, Germany.
Schizophrenia (Heidelb). 2025 Aug 6;11(1):109. doi: 10.1038/s41537-025-00654-6.
In healthy individuals, active hand-movements typically elicit earlier neural processing than passive one, reflected by more positive contrast estimates of the first-order temporal derivative (TD) of hemodynamic response function (HRF) in functional MRI (fMRI) analyses. This temporal advantage might be due to prior movement-awareness and predictive mechanisms that support self-other distinction. However, it is unknown whether impaired predictive mechanisms in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder (SSD) influence earlier neural processing. Patients with SSD (n = 20) and healthy controls (HC; n = 20) performed active and passive hand movements, while detected delays in video feedback of their own or another person's hand. The recorded fMRI data were analysed applying TD to examine timing and second-order dispersion derivative (DD) to evaluate duration of neural responses. Compared to HC, patients with SSD exhibited delayed BOLD responses during active vs. passive movements in the right caudate nucleus, lobule VIII of right cerebellar hemisphere, left superior temporal gyrus, left postcentral gyrus, left thalamus, and left putamen/insula. Furthermore, during active movement with own hand feedback, patients with SSD showed delayed activation in the bilateral putamen and insula. Delayed insula/putamen responses' were associated with symptom severity. However, these exploratory findings remain not significant after correction for multiple comparisons and attenuated with Spearman's-rank correlations. Delayed BOLD responses in patients with SSD, particularly in the right cerebellar lobule VIII, left thalamus, and bilateral insula/putamen may contribute to disturbances in the sense of agency. Altered timing/duration of neural responses reflects new insight underlying deficits in predictive and feedback-monitoring mechanisms in SSD.
在健康个体中，主动手部运动通常比被动运动引发更早的神经处理，这在功能磁共振成像（fMRI）分析中表现为血流动力学反应函数（HRF）的一阶时间导数（TD）的对比估计更正向。这种时间优势可能归因于先前的运动意识和支持自我与他人区分的预测机制。然而，尚不清楚精神分裂症谱系障碍（SSD）中受损的预测机制是否会影响早期神经处理。SSD患者（n = 20）和健康对照者（HC；n = 20）进行主动和被动手部运动，同时检测他们自己或他人手部视频反馈中的延迟。对记录的fMRI数据应用TD进行分析以检查时间，应用二阶离散导数（DD）评估神经反应的持续时间。与HC相比，SSD患者在右侧尾状核、右侧小脑半球小叶VIII、左侧颞上回、左侧中央后回、左侧丘脑和左侧壳核/脑岛的主动与被动运动期间表现出延迟的血氧水平依赖（BOLD）反应。此外，在有自己手部反馈的主动运动期间，SSD患者在双侧壳核和脑岛表现出延迟激活。壳核/脑岛反应延迟与症状严重程度相关。然而，在进行多重比较校正后，这些探索性发现仍然不显著，并且经斯皮尔曼等级相关分析后有所减弱。SSD患者中延迟的BOLD反应，特别是在右侧小脑小叶VIII、左侧丘脑和双侧壳核/脑岛，可能导致能动性感知障碍。神经反应时间/持续时间的改变反映了SSD中预测和反馈监测机制缺陷的新见解。
