Salehi Namini Mojdeh, Mohandesnezhad Sanam, Mohandesnezhad Sadaf, Mansouri Vahid, Tayebi Lobat, Beheshtizadeh Nima
Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Biol Eng. 2025 Aug 6;19(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s13036-025-00545-5.
Various plants, including fruits, vegetables, and spices, contain kaempferol, a bioflavonoid compound with diverse medicinal effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Furthermore, this compound exhibits multiple health-promoting properties, including osteoprotection and osteogenesis, primarily by modulating various cell-signaling pathways. This review aims to illustrate the medical advantages of kaempferol and its role in regulating bone metabolism through cell signaling mechanisms. Numerous studies have demonstrated the bone-protective properties of kaempferol and its encapsulated form. Further research is needed to clarify the optimal dosages, toxicity, safety, and other potential mechanisms of action. This review demonstrates that several signaling pathways, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), estrogen receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways, regulate the osteogenesis and anti-osteoporotic effects of kaempferol as an osteoprotective compound. However, the main limitations to applying kaempferol in bone-related disorders are its low stability and absorption. One of the promising approaches to increasing its effectiveness is using delivery-related strategies such as encapsulation, scaffolding, hydrogels, and liposomes to constantly release kaempferol and subsequently enhance its bioavailability and absorption. Thus, this review has attempted to exhibit the understanding of the benefits of kaempferol as a new compound in regulating bone-related signaling pathways and various available delivery approaches to improve its therapeutic potential for treating bone-related diseases.
包括水果、蔬菜和香料在内的各种植物都含有山奈酚，这是一种具有多种药用功效的生物类黄酮化合物，具有抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎特性。此外，这种化合物还具有多种促进健康的特性，包括骨保护和骨生成，主要是通过调节各种细胞信号通路来实现。这篇综述旨在阐述山奈酚的医学益处及其通过细胞信号机制在调节骨代谢中的作用。大量研究已经证明了山奈酚及其包封形式的骨保护特性。还需要进一步研究来阐明最佳剂量、毒性、安全性和其他潜在作用机制。这篇综述表明，包括核因子-κB（NF-κB）、雌激素受体、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）、骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）和雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）信号通路在内的几种信号通路，调节着山奈酚作为一种骨保护化合物的成骨作用和抗骨质疏松作用。然而，将山奈酚应用于骨相关疾病的主要限制在于其稳定性和吸收性较低。提高其有效性的一种有前景的方法是使用与递送相关的策略，如包封、支架、水凝胶和脂质体，以持续释放山奈酚，从而提高其生物利用度和吸收。因此，这篇综述试图展现对山奈酚作为一种新型化合物在调节骨相关信号通路方面的益处的理解，以及各种可用的递送方法，以提高其治疗骨相关疾病的潜力。
