Lu Dabao Sun, Methlie Ine-Susanne Hopland, Sønstebø Jørn-Henrik, Andersen Anneli, Peris David, Maurice Sundy, Kauserud Håvard, Skrede Inger
Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Department of Nature, Health and Environment, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø, Norway.
Mol Ecol. 2025 Aug 6:e70053. doi: 10.1111/mec.70053.
While postglacial migration patterns have been well-studied in plants and animals in Europe, the same is not true for microorganisms such as fungi, and it remains unclear whether fungi have followed the same postglacial migration trajectories. In this study, we infer the postglacial history of the widespread wood-decay fungus Trichaptum abietinum in Europe. We investigate whether this fungus resided in multiple glacial refugia, as observed in many plants and animals, and how it migrated following the retreat of the ice. Population genomic analyses of T. abietinum suggest at least two glacial refugia in Europe: a southern refugium extending from Portugal to the Caucasus (potentially formed by several earlier distinct refugia), an eastern refugium and a potential third western refugium. Expansion from these refugia followed by migration and secondary contact has led to a complex genomic pattern of what we call the Mediterranean, Boreal, Atlantic and Central European admixed groups. From the southern and potential western refugia there have likely been northwards expansions resulting in the Mediterranean and Atlantic groups, while the Boreal group probably expanded westwards from the eastern refugium. A contact zone is present in Central Europe, where the Mediterranean and Boreal groups are admixing. In these admixed individuals, the second half of their largest scaffold is entirely inherited from the Boreal group, indicating either strong selection or genomic incompatibilities. In Scandinavia, the Atlantic and Boreal groups are in close contact but with limited admixture. Tajima's D and analyses of linkage disequilibrium decay support a recent history of contraction and expansion of this fungus in Europe. We conclude that the postglacial migration patterns in T. abietinum resemble those observed in several plants and animals, suggesting multiple glacial refugia followed by admixture during northward and westward expansions.
虽然欧洲动植物的冰后期迁移模式已得到充分研究，但对于真菌等微生物而言并非如此，目前仍不清楚真菌是否遵循了相同的冰后期迁移轨迹。在本研究中，我们推断了欧洲广泛分布的木材腐朽真菌冷杉附毛孔菌（Trichaptum abietinum）的冰后期历史。我们调查了这种真菌是否像许多动植物那样存在于多个冰川避难所，以及它在冰川消退后是如何迁移的。冷杉附毛孔菌的群体基因组分析表明，欧洲至少存在两个冰川避难所：一个从葡萄牙延伸至高加索地区的南部避难所（可能由几个早期不同的避难所形成）、一个东部避难所和一个潜在的西部第三避难所。从这些避难所扩张，随后迁移和二次接触，导致了我们所称的地中海、北方、大西洋和中欧混合群体的复杂基因组模式。从南部和潜在的西部避难所可能向北扩张，形成了地中海和大西洋群体，而北方群体可能从东部避难所向西扩张。中欧存在一个接触区，地中海和北方群体在此混合。在这些混合个体中，其最大支架的后半部分完全继承自北方群体，这表明要么是强烈的选择，要么是基因组不相容。在斯堪的纳维亚半岛，大西洋和北方群体紧密接触，但混合程度有限。 Tajima's D和连锁不平衡衰减分析支持了这种真菌在欧洲近期经历收缩和扩张的历史。我们得出结论，冷杉附毛孔菌的冰后期迁移模式类似于在几种动植物中观察到的模式，表明存在多个冰川避难所，随后在向北和向西扩张过程中发生混合。
