Zhou Xingping, Feng Baoan
College of Teacher Education, Quzhou University, Quzhou, China.
Front Psychiatry. 2025 Jul 23;16:1621900. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1621900. eCollection 2025.
As one of the by-products of smartphone proliferation, smartphone addiction, has negatively affected college students' academics and well-being, making it a critical issue for educators to address. This study explored how social anxiety and loneliness predict smartphone addiction, adding to prior research in this area.
A cross-sectional research design and a random sampling method were employed to collect data from 2,113 Chinese college students in February 2025. The average age of participants was 19.9 ± 1.23 years (age range: 18-25 years).
All participants provided their data on demographic characteristics, social anxiety (assessed using the Revised Social Anxiety Subscale of the Self-Consciousness Scale), smartphone addiction (measured via the Cell Phone Addiction Scale), and loneliness (evaluated with the 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale). Mediation analyses were conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro (v4.1) in SPSS (v24). Specifically, Model 4 implemented 5,000 bootstrap resampling repetitions to calculate indirect effects, deriving 95% bias-corrected confidence intervals through percentile-based resampling.
Statistical analyses showed that social anxiety was positively correlated with loneliness ( = 0.269, < 0.001), smartphone addiction ( = 0.158, < 0.001), and gender ( = 0.058, < 0.01), and loneliness was positively correlated with smartphone addiction ( = 0.246, < 0.001) and age ( = 0.046, < 0.05). Social anxiety predicted smartphone addiction ( = 0.309, < 0.001, = [0.222, 0.396]), and loneliness predicted smartphone addiction ( = 0.406, < 0.001, = [0.222, 0.396]), with loneliness partially mediating their relationship (effect = 0.123, = [0.092, 0.157]).
Social anxiety is significantly correlated with smartphone addiction, and loneliness partially mediating their relationship. Reducing loneliness can prevent smartphone addiction among college students with social anxiety.
作为智能手机普及的副产品之一，智能手机成瘾对大学生的学业和幸福感产生了负面影响，这使其成为教育工作者需要解决的关键问题。本研究探讨了社交焦虑和孤独感如何预测智能手机成瘾，为该领域的先前研究增添了内容。
设计、背景与参与者：采用横断面研究设计和随机抽样方法，于2025年2月从2113名中国大学生中收集数据。参与者的平均年龄为19.9±1.23岁（年龄范围：18 - 25岁）。
所有参与者提供了关于人口统计学特征、社交焦虑（使用自我意识量表修订版社交焦虑子量表进行评估）、智能手机成瘾（通过手机成瘾量表进行测量）和孤独感（用6项德容·吉尔维尔德孤独感量表进行评估）的数据。使用SPSS（v24）中的海耶斯PROCESS宏（v4.1）进行中介分析。具体而言，模型4进行了5000次自抽样重复以计算间接效应，通过基于百分位数的重抽样得出95%偏差校正置信区间。
统计分析表明，社交焦虑与孤独感（r = 0.269, p < 0.001）、智能手机成瘾（r = 0.158, p < 0.001）和性别（r = 0.058, p < 0.01）呈正相关，孤独感与智能手机成瘾（r = 0.246, p < 0.001）和年龄（r = 0.046, p < 0.05）呈正相关。社交焦虑预测智能手机成瘾（β = 0.309, p < 0.001, CI = [0.222, 0.396]），孤独感预测智能手机成瘾（β = 0.406, p < 0.001, CI = [0.222, 0.396]），孤独感部分中介了它们之间的关系（效应 = 0.123, CI = [0.092, 0.157]）。
社交焦虑与智能手机成瘾显著相关，孤独感部分中介了它们之间的关系。减少孤独感可以预防有社交焦虑的大学生出现智能手机成瘾问题。
