Segura-Cobeña Eduardo, Alfaro-Shigueto Joanna, Colodro Valentina, Gutiérrez-Guzmán Héctor, Arrese-Dávila Vania, Torrejón-Zegarra Ruben, Vega Lizzett, Custodio-Uribe Adrian, Peña-Cutimbo Nelly, Rodríguez-Salazar Joshimer, Messutto David, Ugalde Verónica, Araya Estaban, Andersen Muñoz Ian Tomás, Alfaro-Cordova Eliana, Mangel Jeffrey C
Pro Delphinus, Lima District, Lima Region, Peru.
Carrera de Biología Marina, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
R Soc Open Sci. 2025 Aug 6;12(8):250319. doi: 10.1098/rsos.250319. eCollection 2025 Aug.
The Humboldt penguin () is a threatened species endemic to the Humboldt current system along the coasts of Peru and Chile. The species faces numerous and significant threats contributing to its declining population among which one of the most concerning is incidental catch (i.e. bycatch) by small-scale fisheries. This study assessed the bycatch of Humboldt penguins in small-scale surface and bottom gillnet and purse-seine fisheries using fisher surveys conducted across 39 landing sites (ports, coves and fishing villages) in Peru and Chile. A total of 779 fishers were surveyed. Results showed an estimated total of 4067 (±889 s.d.) penguins caught in 2023, with the highest bycatch associated with gillnets. Ports such as Tambo de Mora and San José in Peru and Coquimbo and San Antonio in Chile reported the most significant interactions. Spatial mapping demonstrated that areas with the most common bycatch events coincide with locations of larger penguin colonies. Multiple correspondence analysis revealed that larger mesh sizes (3-5 in (7.6 - 12.7 cm)) and certain target species, such as corvina drum () and Peruvian grunt (), were strongly associated with reported bycatch events. This research underscores the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies, including bycatch mitigation measures, policy reforms and bi-national collaboration.
洪堡企鹅（ ）是一种濒危物种，原产于秘鲁和智利沿海的洪堡洋流系统。该物种面临着众多重大威胁，导致其数量不断减少，其中最令人担忧的威胁之一是小规模渔业的兼捕（即误捕）。本研究通过对秘鲁和智利39个上岸点（港口、海湾和渔村）进行渔民调查，评估了小规模表层和底层刺网及围网渔业中洪堡企鹅的兼捕情况。共调查了779名渔民。结果显示，2023年估计共有4067只（±889标准差）企鹅被捕获，兼捕量最高的是刺网。秘鲁的坦博德莫拉和圣何塞以及智利的科金博和圣安东尼奥等港口报告的相互作用最为显著。空间映射表明，兼捕事件最常见的区域与较大企鹅聚居地的位置重合。多重对应分析显示，较大的网目尺寸（3 - 5英寸（7.6 - 12.7厘米））和某些目标物种，如科维纳鼓鱼（ ）和秘鲁喉盘鱼（ ），与报告的兼捕事件密切相关。这项研究强调了制定有针对性的保护策略的迫切需要，包括兼捕缓解措施、政策改革和双边合作。
