Mustafa A A, Kouris K
Health Phys. 1985 Dec;49(6):1147-54. doi: 10.1097/00004032-198512000-00009.
The number of x-ray examinations performed on persons undergoing mass chest radiography in Kuwait reached a maximum of 1.858 X 10(5) in 1982 with miniature radiography (70 mm) claiming more than 90% of the total number and the rest done with the large film technique. The annual prevalence of asymptomatic tuberculosis patients diagnosed by x rays, as reported by the project statistics, does not, in our opinion, justify exposing such a large population. In this paper, the effective dose equivalent is calculated from both miniature and large film mass chest radiography as applied in Kuwait. The values obtained are 283 mu Sv and 35.5 mu Sv, respectively. These figures yield calculated risks of fatal malignancies per examination of 3.37 X 10(-6) and 0.422 X 10(-6), respectively. The annual collective effective dose equivalent to the population undergoing mass chest radiography in Kuwait during the 7 y 1977-1983 is found to vary between 38-48 man-Sv. These figures are used to calculate an average of 0.5 additional cases of fatal malignancies per year, or about 12 excess fatalities in the forthcoming 25-y period if the number of mass chest x-ray examinations stays at its existing level. A total of 98% of these calculated excess fatalities result from the predominant technique, miniature radiography.
科威特对接受大规模胸部X光检查的人群进行的X光检查数量在1982年达到最高值，为1.858×10⁵次，其中微型X光摄影（70毫米）占总数的90%以上，其余采用大胶片技术。根据项目统计数据报告，经X光诊断的无症状肺结核患者的年患病率，在我们看来，并不足以证明让如此庞大的人群接受检查是合理的。在本文中，计算了科威特应用的微型和大胶片大规模胸部X光摄影的有效剂量当量。得到的值分别为283微希沃特和35.5微希沃特。这些数字得出每次检查致命恶性肿瘤的计算风险分别为3.37×10⁻⁶和0.422×10⁻⁶。1977 - 1983年期间，科威特接受大规模胸部X光检查人群的年集体有效剂量当量在38 - 48人·希沃特之间变化。这些数字用于计算每年平均有0.5例额外的致命恶性肿瘤病例，如果大规模胸部X光检查的数量保持在现有水平，那么在未来25年中大约会有12例额外的死亡。这些计算出的额外死亡病例中，98%是由主要技术微型X光摄影导致的。
