Yang Changjiang, Zhao Long, Wang Caihong, Ye Yingjiang, Shen Zhanlong
Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China.
Oncol Rep. 2025 Oct;54(4). doi: 10.3892/or.2025.8963. Epub 2025 Aug 8.
Liver metastasis is a common complication in colorectal cancer (CRC), with its presence and progression significantly shortening patient survival. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving liver metastasis in CRC is essential to identify more effective and actionable therapeutic targets and improve prognosis. Liver metastasis in CRC is a multifaceted and dynamic process. Tumor cells with invasive properties communicate with the surrounding microenvironment through mechanisms such as immune checkpoint molecules and cytokines, thereby establishing a supportive niche for their colonization and proliferation. Moreover, suppressive immune cells may enhance the invasiveness of tumor cells. The interplay between tumor cells and the microenvironment is an interdependent process. Targeting these interactions offers promising potential for novel therapeutic strategies. The present review outlined mechanisms of colorectal cancer liver metastasis, emphasizing the immune microenvironment's role, current treatment approaches, and future development prospects.
肝转移是结直肠癌（CRC）常见的并发症，其出现和进展会显著缩短患者生存期。因此，深入了解CRC肝转移的潜在机制对于确定更有效且可实施的治疗靶点及改善预后至关重要。CRC肝转移是一个多方面的动态过程。具有侵袭性的肿瘤细胞通过免疫检查点分子和细胞因子等机制与周围微环境相互作用，从而为其定植和增殖建立支持性微环境。此外，抑制性免疫细胞可能增强肿瘤细胞的侵袭性。肿瘤细胞与微环境之间的相互作用是一个相互依存的过程。针对这些相互作用为新型治疗策略提供了有前景的潜力。本综述概述了结直肠癌肝转移的机制，强调了免疫微环境的作用、当前的治疗方法以及未来的发展前景。
