Sultanalieva Roza, Zhunusova Bermet, Knyazeva Valeriya, Abylova Nazgul, Sorokin Aleksandr
Endocrinology Department, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Therapy Department, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
Iran J Public Health. 2025 Jul;54(7):1444-1451. doi: 10.18502/ijph.v54i7.19150.
We aimed to determine the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders among pregnant women in Kyrgyzstan based on the 2013 WHO diagnostic criteria, to study their frequency, and to assess the influence of key risk factors on the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overt diabetes.
A prospective cohort study was conducted, including 617 pregnant women between 2022 and 2024. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the second half of pregnancy. Diagnosis of GDM and overt diabetes was carried out according to WHO criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors. ROC analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of the number of risk factors in predicting carbohydrate metabolism disorders.
The incidence of GDM was 18.8% (116/617), and overt diabetes - 6.96% (43/617). The main risk factors for GDM were: age over 35 years ( = 0.002), arterial hypertension ( = 0.001), second-degree family history of diabetes ( = 0.001), pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity ( = 0.002), and multiparity ( = 0.000). For overt diabetes, key risk factors included first-degree family history of diabetes (P = 0.034), second-degree family history ( = 0.001), and overweight or obesity ( = 0.018).
An increase in the number of risk factors correlates with the incidence of GDM and overt diabetes. However, for GDM, the number of risk factors is not a reliable predictor, highlighting the need for universal screening of all pregnant women. For overt diabetes, the number of risk factors showed satisfactory predictive value.
我们旨在根据2013年世界卫生组织（WHO）诊断标准确定吉尔吉斯斯坦孕妇碳水化合物代谢紊乱的患病率，研究其发生频率，并评估关键风险因素对发生妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）和显性糖尿病可能性的影响。
进行了一项前瞻性队列研究，纳入2022年至2024年间的617名孕妇。所有参与者在妊娠中期进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）。根据WHO标准诊断GDM和显性糖尿病。采用多因素逻辑回归分析风险因素。进行ROC分析以评估风险因素数量在预测碳水化合物代谢紊乱方面的诊断价值。
GDM的发生率为18.8%（116/617），显性糖尿病为6.96%（43/617）。GDM的主要风险因素为：年龄超过35岁（P = 0.002）、动脉高血压（P = 0.001）、糖尿病二级家族史（P = 0.001）、孕前超重或肥胖（P = 0.002）以及多胎妊娠（P = 0.000）。对于显性糖尿病，关键风险因素包括糖尿病一级家族史（P = 0.034）、二级家族史（P = 0.001）以及超重或肥胖（P = 0.018）。
风险因素数量的增加与GDM和显性糖尿病的发生率相关。然而，对于GDM，风险因素数量并非可靠的预测指标，这凸显了对所有孕妇进行普遍筛查的必要性。对于显性糖尿病，风险因素数量显示出令人满意的预测价值。
