Deng Yixuan, Feng Yani, Ye Bangming, Hu Lei, Qi Lixin, Wang Chenyi, Zhou Chunting, Liu Guanhao, Gao Xiuying, Lin Congying, Ding Qiang, Zhao Ziming, Song Chunyu, Qian Bo, Wu Tianhao, Wang Xingyun, Liu Zhiming, Lin Zhenlang, Zhang Min
Department of Neonatology, the Second School of Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
School of Ophthalmology & Optometry and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2025 Aug 8. doi: 10.1007/s00213-025-06862-3.
There is a common mechanism in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases: Neuronal damage causes a dissipation of the intermediate metabolites, triggering a wider range of injury and inflammation. Due to the selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier, the drug treatment of neurological diseases is not effective. Nanomedicine, with good biocompatibility and high plasticity, can pass through the blood-brain barrier through various mechanisms and targeted the lesion: The nano-delivery system helps drugs cross the blood-brain barrier while taking advantage of its high drug-loading capacity to achieve combined treatment; Nano-enzymes can simulate the enzymatic reaction in biological body to remove metabolic substances, and are more stable and economical than biological enzymes; Individual nanomedicine can regulate the differentiation process of neural stem cells from the genetic level, increase the number of neurons, and repair injured nerves. Nanomaterials can not only improve the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, but also play the function of focal location to monitor and evaluate the disease and condition during the treatment of nervous system diseases. In this paper, the mechanism of nanomaterials penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and locating lesions in various nervous system diseases is reviewed, which opens up new ideas for further exploring the application of nanotechnology in central nervous system diseases.
神经元损伤会导致中间代谢产物的消散，引发更广泛的损伤和炎症。由于血脑屏障的选择性通透性，神经疾病的药物治疗效果不佳。纳米医学具有良好的生物相容性和高可塑性，可通过多种机制穿过血脑屏障并靶向病变部位：纳米递送系统在利用其高载药量实现联合治疗的同时，帮助药物穿过血脑屏障；纳米酶可模拟生物体内的酶促反应以清除代谢物质，且比生物酶更稳定、更经济；单个纳米药物可从基因水平调节神经干细胞的分化过程，增加神经元数量并修复受损神经。纳米材料不仅可改善药物的药代动力学和药效学，还能在神经系统疾病治疗过程中发挥病灶定位功能，以监测和评估病情。本文综述了纳米材料穿透血脑屏障（BBB）并在各种神经系统疾病中定位病变的机制，为进一步探索纳米技术在中枢神经系统疾病中的应用开辟了新思路。
