Nhan Tran Thi Thanh, Hien Pham Thu, Hoang Tran Duc, Hai Nguyen Thi, Anh Bui Thi Kim, Hang Nguyen Thi An, Kim Kyoung-Woong, Ha Nguyen Thi Hoang
University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Hanoi, Vietnam.
VNU School of Interdisciplinary Sciences and Arts, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.
Environ Monit Assess. 2025 Aug 8;197(9):997. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14445-0.
Heavy metals(loids) in scrap metal recycling sites pose serious risks to human and environmental health. In this study, the health risks of multiple heavy metals(loids) (i.e., Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) via soil and crop exposure at a traditional metal recycling site in Vietnam with approximately 1000 years of operation were evaluated. The soil and the 20 most common crops within four groups (rice, leafy vegetables, nonleafy vegetables, and brassica vegetables) were collected. The pollution index (PI) values of the soil (1.01-4.80) ranged from moderately polluted to heavily polluted. Metal accumulation in crops (mg/kg, fresh weight) was in the order of Mn (9.95) > Zn (8.23) > Cu (1.50) > Ni (0.14) > As = Cd (0.04) > Pb (0.03). The results revealed high noncancer (hazard index (HI) = 7.1) and cancer (incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) = 4.31 × 10) risks to the exposed community. Rice contributed to 84.1% of the total HI and 82.5% of the total ILCR, indicating a high health risk via rice consumption. To reduce health risks, rice, cabbage, fish mint, lemongrass, lettuce, and marjoram should not be grown in the study area. Pollutant management (e.g., pollutant source reduction, selection of proper crop cultivation, remediation of metal-contaminated soil, and reduction of metal uptake by crops) at scattered metal recycling sites should receive adequate attention to reduce the high noncancer and cancer health risks to inhabitants.
废旧金属回收场中的重金属（类金属）对人类健康和环境构成严重风险。在本研究中，对越南一个有着约1000年运营历史的传统金属回收场中多种重金属（类金属）（即镉、铜、锰、镍、铅和锌）通过土壤和作物暴露途径带来的健康风险进行了评估。采集了土壤以及四类（水稻、叶菜类蔬菜、非叶菜类蔬菜和芸苔属蔬菜）中20种最常见的作物。土壤的污染指数（PI）值在1.01至4.80之间，污染程度从中度污染到重度污染。作物中的金属积累量（毫克/千克，鲜重）顺序为：锰（9.95）＞锌（8.23）＞铜（1.50）＞镍（0.14）＞砷 = 镉（0.04）＞铅（0.03）。结果显示，暴露人群面临较高的非致癌风险（危害指数（HI） = 7.1）和致癌风险（终生癌症增量风险（ILCR） = 4.31×10）。水稻对总HI的贡献率为84.1%，对总ILCR的贡献率为82.5%，表明通过食用水稻存在较高的健康风险。为降低健康风险，研究区域内不应种植水稻、卷心菜、鱼香草、柠檬草、生菜和马郁兰。分散的金属回收场的污染物管理（如减少污染物来源、选择合适的作物种植方式、修复金属污染土壤以及减少作物对金属的吸收）应得到充分重视，以降低居民面临的高非致癌和致癌健康风险。
