Bakri Husna Hazirah, Syed Abdul Rahman Syarifah Nur, Abd Halim Adyani Azizah, Baharuddin Nor Adinar, Said Gulam Khan Hasnah Begum, Zainal Abidin Zamirah, Arzmi Mohd Hafiz, Munadziroh Elly, Wan Harun Wan Himratul Aznita
Department of Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 8;20(8):e0329497. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0329497. eCollection 2025.
Probiotics are gaining attention for their benefits as a supplement to improve oral health. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus helveticus against Porphyromonas gingivalis, a significant pathogen in periodontal diseases. Antibacterial susceptibility was assessed using the well diffusion assay, with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) served as the positive control. Biofilm biomass was evaluated using crystal violet staining. Cell viability in P. gingivalis treated with L. helveticus was determined using the LIVE/DEAD Baclight bacterial assay via fluorescence microscopy. Ultra-morphological alterations in these cells were further examined using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results indicated that L. helveticus significantly reduced the growth of P. gingivalis. The highest concentration of 109 cells/mL achieved the most substantial inhibition in the well diffusion assay, followed by concentrations of 108 cells/mL and 107 cells/mL, which demonstrated a clear dose-dependent response. Furthermore, biofilms of P. gingivalis treated with L. helveticus exhibited a notable biomass reduction of up to 85% at the highest concentrations. LIVE/DEAD staining confirmed a decreased in cell viability among the treated populations, while FESEM analysis revealed morphological disruptions in P. gingivalis cells treated with L. helveticus. These findings suggest that L. helveticus has a potent antibacterial effect against P. gingivalis, highlighting the need for further research to identify the optimal probiotic strategies that could enhance periodontal health.
益生菌作为一种改善口腔健康的补充剂，因其益处而受到关注。本研究旨在评估益生菌瑞士乳杆菌对牙龈卟啉单胞菌（一种牙周疾病中的重要病原体）的抗菌作用。采用平板扩散法评估抗菌敏感性，以0.12%的氯己定（CHX）作为阳性对照。使用结晶紫染色评估生物膜生物量。通过荧光显微镜，采用活菌/死菌荧光染色法测定经瑞士乳杆菌处理的牙龈卟啉单胞菌的细胞活力。使用场发射扫描电子显微镜进一步检查这些细胞的超微形态变化。结果表明，瑞士乳杆菌显著降低了牙龈卟啉单胞菌的生长。在平板扩散试验中，109个细胞/mL的最高浓度实现了最大程度的抑制，其次是108个细胞/mL和107个细胞/mL的浓度，呈现出明显的剂量依赖性反应。此外，经瑞士乳杆菌处理的牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜在最高浓度下生物量显著减少，高达85%。活菌/死菌染色证实处理后的群体细胞活力下降，而场发射扫描电子显微镜分析显示经瑞士乳杆菌处理的牙龈卟啉单胞菌细胞出现形态破坏。这些发现表明，瑞士乳杆菌对牙龈卟啉单胞菌具有强大的抗菌作用，凸显了进一步研究以确定可增强牙周健康的最佳益生菌策略的必要性。
