Chen Liping, Yu Xia, Cai Lankun, Sui Qian
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
Waste Manag. 2025 Aug 7;206:115050. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115050.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill leachate have emerged as a critical research focus because of their substantial environmental and health risks. However, the fate and transformation of PFAS across different treatment processes, particularly within specific techniques such as biotreatment, remains understudied in current research. This study systematically investigated the occurrence, fate, and removal of PFAS in a full-scale MSW landfill leachate treatment system in Shanghai, China. Thirty-two PFAS were analyzed in the raw leachate and the whole treatment process, including the equalization tank, the membrane bioreactor (MBR) system, and the nanofiltration (NF) process. Results showed that perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) were the predominant compounds in both the raw leachate and effluents. The MBR process exhibited negative removal efficiencies for short-chain PFAS (-187.4 % to -103.5 %), indicating substantial precursor transformation, while NF achieved effective removal (42.1 % to 95.6 %). Solid phases of the sludge samples accumulated long-chain PFAS (log K up to 4.4), acting as significant secondary sources. Mass flow analysis revealed that denitrification processes increased the absolute daily load of PFOA (calculated as concentration × flow rate) by 4286 %, with the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assays demonstrating thefluorotelomer-based precursors were the major contributors to perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) formation. The findings provide essential insights for developing more effective leachate treatment strategies and sludge management approaches to mitigate PFAS environmental release from MSW landfills.
城市固体废弃物（MSW）填埋渗滤液中的全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）因其重大的环境和健康风险已成为关键的研究焦点。然而，PFAS在不同处理过程中的归宿和转化，特别是在生物处理等特定技术中的情况，在当前研究中仍未得到充分研究。本研究系统地调查了中国上海一个全规模MSW填埋渗滤液处理系统中PFAS的存在、归宿和去除情况。对原渗滤液以及整个处理过程（包括均衡池、膜生物反应器（MBR）系统和纳滤（NF）过程）中的32种PFAS进行了分析。结果表明，全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBS）是原渗滤液和流出物中的主要化合物。MBR工艺对短链PFAS表现出负去除效率（-187.4%至-103.5%），表明有大量前体转化，而NF实现了有效去除（42.1%至95.6%）。污泥样品的固相积累了长链PFAS（log K高达4.4），成为重要的二次来源。质量流分析表明，反硝化过程使PFOA的每日绝对负荷（按浓度×流速计算）增加了4286%，总可氧化前体（TOP）分析表明基于氟调聚物的前体是全氟烷基羧酸（PFCA）形成的主要贡献者。这些发现为制定更有效的渗滤液处理策略和污泥管理方法以减轻MSW填埋场中PFAS的环境释放提供了重要见解。
