Dare Helen, Kitchiner N, O'Connor G
Veterans' NHS Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK.
Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
BMJ Mil Health. 2025 Aug 7. doi: 10.1136/military-2025-002999.
Emerging evidence supports the effectiveness of psychological reconsolidation interventions, such as reconsolidation of traumatic memories (RTM), for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in military veteran populations. The Rewind technique is hypothesised to work through memory reconsolidation, much like RTM, and has shown positive results when treating non-military populations with PTSD.To our knowledge, no peer-reviewed studies have focussed on Rewind's effectiveness in military veteran populations. We propose that Rewind may be a useful and effective treatment for UK military veterans with PTSD. Rewind may also provide a time-efficient intervention compared with alternative trauma-focussed therapies.
Rewind was administered to 10 veterans in a pre-test-post-test design. Veterans completed psychometric measures for PTSD, depression, anxiety and insomnia before and after treatment (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (PCL-5), Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)). Psychometric scores and treatment outcomes were analysed to indicate the treatment effectiveness of Rewind in military veterans.
Significant improvement was found before and after treatment for PTSD (t(9)=3.502, p=0.007), depression (t(9)=3.392, p=0.008) and insomnia (t(9)=2.709, p=0.024) with a large effect size (d>0.8). A significant reduction in anxiety symptoms was not found; however, a non-significant improvement was noted (GAD-7 pre-treatment, =10.30, =5.889; post-treatment, =6.60, =6.670). No veterans dropped out of treatment and over half (n=6) of the veterans required no further treatment after a mean of three Rewind sessions.
Findings show preliminary and promising support for Rewind in the treatment of military veterans with PTSD. Rewind may also provide secondary relief for co-morbid difficulties such as depression and insomnia. Rewind shows promise as a time-efficient treatment compared with other trauma-focussed psychological interventions. Further research is recommended to provide supplementary evidence for Rewind's effectiveness in the military population. Future studies are recommended to conduct post-treatment follow-ups to monitor maintained symptom reduction.
新出现的证据支持心理重新巩固干预措施的有效性，例如创伤记忆重新巩固（RTM），对退伍军人创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状的疗效。“回放”技术被假定通过记忆重新巩固起作用，很像RTM，并且在治疗患有PTSD的非军人人群时已显示出积极效果。据我们所知，尚无同行评审研究关注“回放”对退伍军人人群的有效性。我们提出，“回放”可能是治疗患有PTSD的英国退伍军人的一种有用且有效的疗法。与其他以创伤为重点的疗法相比，“回放”还可能提供一种省时的干预措施。
采用治疗前-治疗后设计，对10名退伍军人实施“回放”疗法。退伍军人在治疗前后完成了PTSD、抑郁、焦虑和失眠的心理测量指标（《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版创伤后应激障碍检查表（PCL-5）、患者健康问卷9项（PHQ-9）、广泛性焦虑障碍7项（GAD-7）和失眠严重程度指数（ISI））。分析心理测量分数和治疗结果，以表明“回放”对退伍军人的治疗效果。
治疗前后，PTSD（t(9)=3.502，p=0.007）、抑郁（t(9)=3.392，p=0.008）和失眠（t(9)=2.709，p=0.024）有显著改善，效应量较大（d>0.8）。未发现焦虑症状有显著减轻；然而，注意到有不显著的改善（GAD-7治疗前，=10.30，=5.889；治疗后，=6.60，=6.670）。没有退伍军人退出治疗，超过一半（n=6）的退伍军人在平均进行三次“回放”治疗后无需进一步治疗。
研究结果为“回放”治疗患有PTSD的退伍军人提供了初步且有前景的支持。“回放”还可能为抑郁和失眠等共病困难提供继发性缓解。与其他以创伤为重点的心理干预措施相比，“回放”显示出作为一种省时治疗方法的前景。建议进一步研究以提供补充证据，证明“回放”对军人人群的有效性。建议未来的研究进行治疗后随访，以监测症状持续减轻情况。
