Newman David B, Gordon Amie M, Mendes Wendy Berry
Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Nat Hum Behav. 2025 Aug 8. doi: 10.1038/s41562-025-02264-9.
With growing levels of inequality, understanding relationships between socioeconomic status (SES), health and well-being is as important as ever. Many studies focus on associations between an SES composite and either health 'or' happiness; here we examine unique relationships between SES indicators (income and education) and health 'and' well-being outcomes at both individual and community levels, drawing on a sample of adults (N = 71,385; M = 40.62, s.d. = 13.20) from more than 10 countries and representing 13,089 unique ZIP codes within the United States. A subset (N = 29,567) participated in an Ecological Momentary Assessment study by providing daily reports of their emotions, blood pressure and heart rate (N = 329,543) for 3 weeks. Generally, higher levels of education were more consistently linked to indicators of better health, whereas higher levels of income were associated with higher levels of well-being. Individual-level SES predicted health and well-being more strongly than community-level factors.
随着不平等程度的不断加剧,理解社会经济地位(SES)、健康与幸福之间的关系变得前所未有的重要。许多研究聚焦于SES综合指标与健康“或”幸福之间的关联;在此,我们利用来自10多个国家的成年人样本(N = 71385;M = 40.62,标准差 = 13.20),考察SES指标(收入和教育)与个体及社区层面的健康“和”幸福结果之间的独特关系,该样本代表了美国境内13089个不同的邮政编码区域。其中一个子集(N = 29567)参与了一项生态瞬时评估研究,他们连续3周每天报告自己的情绪、血压和心率(共329543次报告)。总体而言,较高的教育水平更始终如一地与更优的健康指标相关联,而较高的收入水平则与较高的幸福感相关。个体层面的SES比社区层面的因素对健康和幸福的预测力更强。