Forrest April, Buchan Duncan, Sculthorpe Nicholas, Hayes Lawrence, Robinson Samantha
School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Hamilton International Technology Park, Stephenson Place, Blantyre, Glasgow, G72 0LH, UK.
Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Sir John Fisher Driver, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4AT, UK.
Sports Med Open. 2025 Aug 9;11(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00898-7.
School-based interventions aimed at improving physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and sleep (i.e., 24-hour movement behaviours) are prevalent. However, the potential use of homework as an intervention method has been largely unexamined. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of school-based health interventions which implement homework to improve 24-hour movement behaviours in primary school-aged children, whilst examining the moderating effects of study characteristics on intervention effectiveness.
We searched CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science on 4th March 2024 using the following eligibility criteria: (1) participants were aged 5-12 years old; (2) school-based interventions that implemented homework specifically designed to improve one or more 24-hour movement behaviours; (3) randomised- or non-randomised controlled trials, or mixed methods studies where quantitative components included experimental or quasi-experimental data that could be clearly extracted; (4) device-based measured changes in individual or combined 24-hour movement behaviours, or their compositions, were reported. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers with study quality rated using the NIH quality assessment tool. Random-effects meta-analyses were processed to compute standardised mean difference (Hedges' g), with subgroup analyses, and meta-regressions also conducted.
From 2,281 studies, 19 studies involving 13,160 participants were included for data extraction. Meta-analyses revealed significant favourable association for school-based interventions which implemented homework for sleep outcomes (g = 1.06, p < 0.0001) and SB (g = -0.20, p = 0.0034). No significant effects of the interventions compared to controls were found for PA. Meta-regressions revealed that longer intervention durations significantly improved PA (counts per minute; β = 0.14, p = 0.0241), with no significant effects found for sleep or SB. Subgroup analyses showed significant effects of intervention on SB in RCT's in both theory-based and non-theory-based studies, though differences between subgroups were not statistically significant. Effects varied between pre- and post-implementations of 24-hour movement guidelines on SB, but these differences were also not statistically significant.
These results highlight a significant gap in school-based interventions implementing homework targeting all 24-hour movement behaviours, emphasising the need for future interventions to focus on reducing SB and improving sleep for more beneficial outcomes.
PROSPERO CRD42024518271.
旨在改善身体活动（PA）、久坐行为（SB）和睡眠（即24小时运动行为）的校内干预措施很普遍。然而，将家庭作业作为一种干预方法的潜在用途在很大程度上尚未得到研究。我们的目的是评估实施家庭作业以改善小学适龄儿童24小时运动行为的校内健康干预措施的有效性，同时研究研究特征对干预效果的调节作用。
我们于2024年3月4日在CINAHL、PubMed、Scopus、SPORTDiscus、Cochrane图书馆和科学网进行了检索，使用以下纳入标准：（1）参与者年龄在5至12岁之间；（2）实施专门设计用于改善一种或多种24小时运动行为的家庭作业的校内干预措施；（3）随机或非随机对照试验，或混合方法研究，其中定量部分包括可清晰提取的实验或准实验数据；（4）报告了基于设备测量的个体或综合24小时运动行为及其组成部分的变化。由两名评审员独立提取数据，并使用美国国立卫生研究院质量评估工具对研究质量进行评分。进行随机效应荟萃分析以计算标准化平均差（Hedges' g），并进行亚组分析和荟萃回归。
从2281项研究中，纳入了19项涉及13160名参与者的研究进行数据提取。荟萃分析显示，实施家庭作业的校内干预措施与睡眠结果（g = 1.06，p < 0.0001）和久坐行为（g = -0.20，p = 0.0034）之间存在显著的有利关联。与对照组相比，未发现干预措施对身体活动有显著影响。荟萃回归显示，较长的干预持续时间显著改善了身体活动（每分钟次数；β = 0.14，p = 0.0241），而对睡眠或久坐行为未发现显著影响。亚组分析显示，在基于理论和非基于理论的研究中的随机对照试验中，干预措施对久坐行为有显著影响，尽管亚组之间的差异无统计学意义。24小时运动指南实施前后对久坐行为的影响有所不同，但这些差异也无统计学意义。
这些结果凸显了实施针对所有24小时运动行为的家庭作业的校内干预措施存在显著差距，强调未来干预措施需要专注于减少久坐行为和改善睡眠以获得更有益的结果。
PROSPERO CRD42024518271
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