Zhou Hanghai, Wang Xin, Sun Hong, Li Hua, Wu Zhou, Li Yongfu, Yao Xiaohong, Zhou Jianjiang, Jiang Lijia, Wang Yuan, Jin Junwei, Zhang Chunfang, Tang Jiangwu
State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro - Products, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics, Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, PR China.
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, Guangxi 541006, PR China.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 Sep 15;496:139474. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.139474. Epub 2025 Aug 6.
Tire wear particles (TWPs) pose escalating environmental concerns owing to their aging-enhanced toxicity. However, the combined effects of photoaging and soil heterogeneity remain poorly understood. This study investigated the impact of virgin and photoaged TWPs on Eisenia fetida in three soil types (red, black, and loess), focusing on earthworm survival, weight loss, antioxidant responses, histopathological changes, and gut microbiota shifts. Results showed that photoaging significantly increased TWP toxicity, as evidenced by elevated surface environmentally persistent free radicals. High-dose exposure to photoaged TWPs caused the greatest reduction in earthworm survival (52.2 % vs. control, P < 0.05) and the highest weight loss (0.113 g/worm, P < 0.05) in red soil, whereas the least toxicity (35.6 % survival reduction vs. control, P > 0.05) was observed in black soil. The activities of antioxidant enzymes and reactive oxygen species levels were significantly higher in red and loess soils, indicating soil-dependent oxidative stress response. Histopathological analysis revealed tissue damage across all soil types, particularly with photoaged TWPs. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that earthworms in red soil exhibited the least intestinal microbial community shift with minimal diversity/structural changes. TWP exposure specifically increased inflammation-associated Proteobacteria and enriched pathogenic fungal genera. The fungal community response, which was positively correlated with earthworm weight loss (Mantel test, P < 0.05), could serve as a potential biomarker for TWP toxicity. These findings underscore the need for soil-specific risk assessments of TWPs in environmental management.
轮胎磨损颗粒（TWPs）因其老化增强的毒性而引发了日益严重的环境问题。然而，光老化和土壤异质性的综合影响仍知之甚少。本研究调查了原始和光老化的TWPs对三种土壤类型（红壤、黑壤和黄土）中赤子爱胜蚓的影响，重点关注蚯蚓的存活、体重减轻、抗氧化反应、组织病理学变化和肠道微生物群的变化。结果表明，光老化显著增加了TWPs的毒性，表面环境持久性自由基的升高证明了这一点。高剂量暴露于光老化的TWPs导致红壤中蚯蚓存活率下降最大（52.2% 对比对照组，P < 0.05），体重减轻最高（0.113 g/蚯蚓，P < 0.05），而在黑壤中观察到的毒性最小（存活率下降35.6% 对比对照组，P > 0.05）。红壤和黄土中抗氧化酶的活性和活性氧水平显著更高，表明存在土壤依赖性氧化应激反应。组织病理学分析显示，所有土壤类型均出现组织损伤，特别是在光老化的TWPs作用下。肠道微生物群分析表明，红壤中的蚯蚓肠道微生物群落变化最小，多样性/结构变化最小。TWPs暴露特别增加了与炎症相关的变形菌门，并富集了致病真菌属。真菌群落反应与蚯蚓体重减轻呈正相关（Mantel检验，P < 0.05），可作为TWPs毒性的潜在生物标志物。这些发现强调了在环境管理中对TWPs进行土壤特异性风险评估的必要性。
