Liu Yujia, Sui Yuting, Haider Fasih Ullah, Li Shuxin, Mu Peng, Zhang Peng, Wang Bin, Liu Tianhao, Lin Tong, Li Xiangnan
Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
Key Laboratory of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Sep 15;303:118950. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118950. Epub 2025 Aug 30.
Tire wear particles (TWPs) are commonly found in soil environments; however, their impacts on soil ecosystems, particularly on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) physiology, remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effects of TWPs at concentrations of T0 (control), T1 (0.05 % w/w), T2 (0.5 % w/w), and T3 (5.0 % w/w) on wheat growth, redox homeostasis, photosynthesis, and soil microbial diversity in contaminated soils. Results revealed that at 5.0 % TWPs, plant height, root surface area, root volume, root length, fresh leaf weight, 100-grain weight, and dry biomass decreased significantly by 22.6 %, 81.4 %, 76.0 %, 73.4 %, 85.6 %, 36.1 %, and 63.1 %, respectively, compared to T0 (p < 0.05). These significant reductions in wheat growth parameters under high TWP concentrations suggest a potential decrease in crop yield and food security. Similarly, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicative of oxidative damage, surged by 66.4 % (leaves) and 68.3 % (roots) under T3 treatment. Antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves increased markedly: ascorbate peroxidase (APX, +162.9 %), catalase (CAT, +132.6 %), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, +112.8 %), and peroxidase (POX, +124.5 %), while glutathione reductase (GR) activity declined by 52.5 %. They also reduced the wheat stomatal conductance and net photosynthetic rate by 28.4 % and 37.0 %, while intercellular CO concentration increased by 8.7 %. Higher concentrations of TWPs influenced the soil microbial diversity, as the average relative abundance of Mortierella showed a stepwise increase, while Plectosphaerella exhibited a gradual decline. In contrast, Tausonia, Gibellulopsis, Schizothecium, Fusarium, Solicoccozyma, Chaetomium, Pseudombrophila, and Gibberella showed a trend of decline with increased concentration of TWPs (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the ecological toxicity of TWPs, highlighting their adverse effects on wheat physiology and soil microbial communities, and suggests the need for further research on their long-term environmental impact.
轮胎磨损颗粒（TWPs）在土壤环境中普遍存在；然而，它们对土壤生态系统的影响，尤其是对小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）生理的影响，在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在探究浓度为T0（对照）、T1（0.05% w/w）、T2（0.5% w/w）和T3（5.0% w/w）的TWPs对污染土壤中小麦生长、氧化还原稳态、光合作用和土壤微生物多样性的影响。结果显示，与T0相比，在5.0% TWPs浓度下，株高、根表面积、根体积、根长、鲜叶重、百粒重和干生物量分别显著下降了22.6%、81.4%、76.0%、73.4%、85.6%、36.1%和63.1%（p < 0.05）。高浓度TWPs下小麦生长参数的这些显著降低表明作物产量和粮食安全可能会下降。同样，在T3处理下，表明氧化损伤的丙二醛（MDA）水平在叶片中激增了66.4%，在根中激增了68.3%。叶片中的抗氧化酶活性显著增加：抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX，+162.9%）、过氧化氢酶（CAT，+132.6%）、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶（DHAR，+112.8%）和过氧化物酶（POX，+124.5%）,而谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性下降了52.5%。它们还使小麦气孔导度和净光合速率分别降低了28.4%和37.0%，而细胞间CO浓度增加了8.7%。较高浓度的TWPs影响了土壤微生物多样性，因为被孢霉属的平均相对丰度呈逐步上升趋势，而弯孢属则呈逐渐下降趋势。相比之下，多毛孢属、拟盘多毛孢属、裂殖壳属、镰刀菌属、酵母属、毛壳菌属、假暗孢节菱孢属和赤霉属随着TWPs浓度增加呈下降趋势（p < 0.05）。本研究证明了TWPs的生态毒性，突出了它们对小麦生理和土壤微生物群落的不利影响，并表明需要进一步研究它们的长期环境影响。
