Álvarez-Alonso C, Nogues I, Pallozzi E, Stefanoni W, Pietrini F, Sosa L, Manrique-Cordoba N, Perez-Murcia M D, Moral R, Bustamante M A
CIAGRO, Universidad Miguel Hernández, EPS-Orihuela, Ctra. Beniel, Km 3.2, Orihuela, 03312, Alicante, Italy.
Research Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Via Salaria Km 29,300, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.
J Environ Manage. 2025 Sep;392:126935. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126935. Epub 2025 Aug 9.
The loss of organic matter in soils, in conjunction with water scarcity and salinization constitutes a grave problem in the Mediterranean region. The utilization of composts derived from novel decentralized models, such as agrocomposting, community composting and decentralized urban composting, is hypothesized as an effective strategy with the potential to enhance the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. The application of compost has been demonstrated to enhance the resilience of plants to abiotic stresses, including drought and salinity. In this context, eight decentralized model composts were employed as organic amendments in a degraded soil to assess whether they could mitigate the stress experienced by the Mediterranean shrub R. officinalis under conditions of drought or salinity for one month. Therefore, measurements of gas exchange, emission of volatile organic compounds and reflectance during stress were performed in order to determine the degree of adaptation of the plants. Composts from community composting were found to be more effective in alleviating the effects of abiotic stress, while the ineffectiveness of composts from decentralized urban composting depended on their characteristics (e.g. humic substances and electrical conductivity). An initial increase in monoterpene emission rates was observed, which decreased at the end of the experimental time in a positive correlation with leaf RWC. Stress also led to a reduction in photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs). Reflectance was more affected under drought conditions and by the application of compost with a high electrical conductivity, which likely hindered chlorophyll synthesis. Thus, the present results have enabled the selection of appropriate composts for utilization in agriculture under stress conditions considering plant biomass values and compost characteristics (EC, humic substances content, and the K/Na ratio).
土壤中有机质的流失，再加上缺水和盐碱化，在地中海地区构成了一个严重问题。源自新型分散模式（如农业堆肥、社区堆肥和分散式城市堆肥）的堆肥利用被假定为一种有效的策略，有可能改善土壤的物理、化学和生物学特性。堆肥的应用已被证明能提高植物对非生物胁迫（包括干旱和盐度）的恢复力。在此背景下，八种分散模式堆肥被用作退化土壤的有机改良剂，以评估它们是否能在干旱或盐度条件下减轻地中海灌木药用鼠尾草一个月所经历的胁迫。因此，在胁迫期间进行了气体交换、挥发性有机化合物排放和反射率的测量，以确定植物的适应程度。发现社区堆肥在减轻非生物胁迫影响方面更有效，而分散式城市堆肥的无效性取决于其特性（如腐殖质和电导率）。观察到单萜排放率最初增加，在实验结束时下降，与叶片相对含水量呈正相关。胁迫还导致光合作用（A）和气孔导度（gs）降低。在干旱条件下以及施用高电导率堆肥时，反射率受到的影响更大，这可能阻碍了叶绿素的合成。因此，考虑到植物生物量值和堆肥特性（电导率、腐殖质含量和钾/钠比），目前的结果有助于选择适合在胁迫条件下农业利用的堆肥。
