Del Gaudio Angelo, Lopetuso Loris Riccardo, Pavese Valeria, Palesandro Erica, Campisi Ilaria, Tucci Marcello, Scaldaferri Franco
IBD Unit, CEMAD, UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2025 Aug 8;18:17562848251358174. doi: 10.1177/17562848251358174. eCollection 2025.
The advent of combination immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), leveraging immune checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors to improve survival outcomes. However, these advancements come with a significant challenge: the management of adverse effects, which can impair patients' quality of life and lead to therapy discontinuation. This review explores the prevalence, mechanisms, and management of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity associated with immunotherapy combinations for mRCC from the gastroenterologist's perspective. Diarrhea, colitis, nausea, and vomiting are the most frequently reported adverse events, often necessitating a multidisciplinary approach for timely diagnosis and intervention to mitigate risks and ensure therapeutic continuity. We highlight the management strategies, ranging from symptomatic treatment and dietary modifications to advanced therapies for severe cases, even discussing the emerging approaches for refractory cases. By integrating oncological and gastroenterological expertise, clinicians can optimize outcomes for patients while minimizing GI-related complications.
联合免疫疗法的出现彻底改变了转移性肾细胞癌(mRCC)的治疗方式,通过利用免疫检查点抑制剂和酪氨酸激酶抑制剂来改善生存结果。然而,这些进展带来了一个重大挑战:不良反应的管理,这可能会损害患者的生活质量并导致治疗中断。本综述从胃肠病学家的角度探讨了与mRCC免疫疗法联合使用相关的胃肠道(GI)毒性的发生率、机制和管理。腹泻、结肠炎、恶心和呕吐是最常报告的不良事件,通常需要多学科方法进行及时诊断和干预,以降低风险并确保治疗的连续性。我们强调了管理策略,从对症治疗和饮食调整到针对严重病例的先进疗法,甚至讨论了难治性病例的新兴方法。通过整合肿瘤学和胃肠病学专业知识,临床医生可以在最大限度减少胃肠道相关并发症的同时,优化患者的治疗结果。