Gaelick L, Bodenhausen G V, Wyer R S
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1985 Nov;49(5):1246-65. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.49.5.1246.
Emotional communication patterns characterizing interactions between partners in close relationships were investigated by asking 29 couples who were married or living together to engage in a videotaped discussion of a problem they were having in their relationship. In a later experimental session, partners identified specific communications that they believed had an important influence on the discussion and then rated the communications in terms of the feelings the communicator intended to convey and the recipient's reactions. Partners attempted to reciprocate both the positive and negative feelings that they perceived their partner to express toward them. However, only negative feelings were actually reciprocated. This was because subjects were sensitive to differences in the negative feelings their partners reported expressing and interpreted those feelings correctly, but they were inaccurate in perceiving their partners' expressions of positive feelings. Men (but not women) interpreted their partners' failures to express love as an indication of hostility, whereas women (but not men) interpreted their partners' lack of hostility as an indication of love. These and other results were conceptualized in terms of a general model of emotional communication. Parameters of the model pertaining to the hostility of partners' communications were often related to women's satisfaction with their relationship and their beliefs about relationships in general. However, they were unrelated to men's satisfaction and general beliefs. This suggested that women are generally more adversely affected by overt expression of hostility than are men.
通过让29对已婚或同居的伴侣对他们关系中存在的问题进行录像讨论，研究了亲密关系中伴侣间互动的情感交流模式。在随后的实验环节中，伴侣们指出他们认为对讨论有重要影响的特定交流内容，然后根据交流者想要传达的情感以及接受者的反应对这些交流进行评分。伴侣们试图回应他们认为伴侣向他们表达的积极和消极情感。然而，实际上只有消极情感得到了回应。这是因为受试者对伴侣报告表达的消极情感差异很敏感，并且能够正确解读这些情感，但他们在感知伴侣的积极情感表达方面不准确。男性（而非女性）将伴侣未能表达爱意解读为敌意的表现，而女性（而非男性）将伴侣缺乏敌意解读为爱意的表现。这些以及其他结果是根据情感交流的一般模型来概念化的。该模型中与伴侣交流的敌意相关的参数通常与女性对其关系的满意度以及她们对一般关系的信念有关。然而，它们与男性的满意度和一般信念无关。这表明，与男性相比，女性通常更容易受到公开表达敌意的不利影响。
