Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX.
Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Fam Process. 2019 Mar;58(1):179-196. doi: 10.1111/famp.12344. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
This study examined couples' perceptions of each other's daily affect, using a daily diary methodology. Specifically, we tested the extent to which couples accurately inferred how their partner was feeling (empathic accuracy) and the extent to which spouses used their own feelings as a gauge for how their partner was feeling (assumed similarity). We also tested for indirect accuracy in couples' perceptions; that is, that assumed similarity in the context of actual similarity leads to empathic accuracy. Participants were 51 couples who completed daily diaries for seven consecutive nights. Results based on the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model indicated that couples showed both empathic accuracy and assumed similarity in their perception of their partner's positive affect; however, they used assumed similarity in rating their partner's hard negative (anger, hostility) and soft negative (sadness, fear) affect. Furthermore, tests of indirect accuracy found that wives were indirectly accurate in perceiving their husbands' positive affect and both husbands and wives were indirectly accurate in perceiving each other's hard negative affect because they were biased. Complementing laboratory studies, the present study highlights that examining couples' perceptions of each other's feelings in contexts of daily life, and differentiating positive and negative emotions, can further our understanding of the role of emotions for healthy relationship functioning.
本研究采用日常日记法考察了夫妻双方对彼此日常情绪的感知。具体来说，我们测试了夫妻双方在多大程度上能够准确推断出对方的感受（共情准确性），以及配偶在多大程度上将自己的感受作为衡量伴侣感受的标准（假设相似性）。我们还测试了夫妻感知中的间接准确性；也就是说，在实际相似性的背景下，假设相似性会导致共情准确性。参与者是 51 对连续七天完成日常日记的夫妻。基于演员-伙伴相互依存模型的结果表明，夫妻双方在感知伴侣积极情绪时表现出共情准确性和假设相似性；然而，他们在评价伴侣的硬负面（愤怒、敌意）和软负面（悲伤、恐惧）情绪时，使用了假设相似性。此外，间接准确性测试发现，妻子在感知丈夫积极情绪时具有间接准确性，丈夫和妻子在感知对方硬负面情绪时也具有间接准确性，因为他们存在偏见。本研究补充了实验室研究，强调了在日常生活情境中考察夫妻双方对彼此感受的感知，并区分积极和消极情绪，可以进一步了解情绪对健康关系功能的作用。
