Roslinsky Vicky, Chaudhary Raju, Zatylny Annette, Parkin Isobel A P, Eynck Christina
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada - Saskatoon Research and Development Center, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Global Institute for Food Security, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jul 25;16:1639872. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1639872. eCollection 2025.
Winter camelina () is a climate-resilient oilseed crop that has received attention as a feedstock crop for advanced, low-carbon-intensity biofuels. Breeding programs working on winter camelina improvement have to contend with heterogeneous germplasm, oftentimes erroneously identified as winter biotypes, and a gene pool that is much smaller than that of spring-type camelina, the latter having motivated crosses between winter and spring biotypes. For the unequivocal differentiation of winter from spring types at an early stage, breeders require a tool to track the vernalization requirement trait in segregating breeding populations as well as in putative winter cultivars, breeding lines, and accessions to be used as parental lines. Linkage mapping in a winter ('Joelle') × spring ('SES0787LS') biparental F population identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for vernalization requirement on chromosomes 8 and 13. Both regions contained orthologs of (), a gene known to have a significant effect on flowering time and vernalization requirement in plants. Based on the gene sequences, allele-specific PCR-based markers were developed, suitable for the routine screening of germplasm for the presence of the winter and spring alleles of all three orthologs, including a chromosome 20 locus. The analysis of the winter cultivar 'Joelle' and a diverse germplasm panel uncovered greater than expected variability for the alleles, with most lines possessing several different allele combinations and still undergoing genetic segregation. Contrary to previous reports, spring camelina lines can carry the spring and/or winter alleles of , indicating that this gene by itself only plays a subordinate role in the regulation of flowering and vernalization requirement. In winter germplasm, combinations of winter alleles with the winter alleles of one or both of and result in vernalization requirement, while winter by itself leads to a semi-winter type. The results of this study and the tools developed herein are a first step to orchestrating the genes underlying vernalization requirement in and developing winter camelina cultivars optimized for different winter environments.
冬亚麻荠()是一种适应气候变化的油料作物,作为先进的低碳强度生物燃料的原料作物受到了关注。致力于改良冬亚麻荠的育种计划必须应对异质种质,这些种质常常被错误地鉴定为冬性生物型,而且其基因库比春性亚麻荠的基因库小得多,后者促使人们进行冬性和春性生物型之间的杂交。为了在早期明确区分冬性和春性类型,育种者需要一种工具来追踪分离育种群体以及推定的冬性品种、育种系和用作亲本系的种质中的春化需求性状。在一个冬性(“乔埃尔”)×春性(“SES0787LS”)双亲亲本F群体中的连锁图谱分析确定了位于第8号和第13号染色体上的两个控制春化需求的主要数量性状位点(QTL)。这两个区域都包含()的直系同源基因,已知该基因对植物的开花时间和春化需求有显著影响。基于该基因序列,开发了基于等位基因特异性PCR的标记,适用于常规筛选亚麻荠种质中所有三个直系同源基因(包括第20号染色体位点)的冬性和春性等位基因的存在情况。对冬性品种“乔埃尔”和一个多样化的亚麻荠种质群体的分析发现,该基因等位基因的变异性比预期的要大,大多数品系拥有几种不同的等位基因组合,并且仍在进行遗传分离。与之前的报道相反,春性亚麻荠品系可以携带该基因的春性和/或冬性等位基因,这表明该基因本身在开花和春化需求的调控中仅起次要作用。在冬性亚麻荠种质中,该基因的冬性等位基因与和中一个或两个基因的冬性等位基因组合会导致春化需求,而该基因本身则导致半冬性类型。本研究的结果以及在此开发的工具是协调亚麻荠春化需求背后的基因并培育针对不同冬季环境优化的冬亚麻荠品种的第一步。