Liu Yuanyuan, Song Hui, Wu Yanli, Liu Lihua, Li Ning, Zhang Min, Li Yusen, Meng Xiujuan
Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
Healthcare-Associated Infection Control Department, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China.
Front Public Health. 2025 Jul 28;13:1607801. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1607801. eCollection 2025.
The pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly impacted healthcare systems worldwide, especially improving awareness of infection prevention and control in medical institutions. However, it remains unclear to what extent COVID-19 influenced the occurrence of bloodstream infection (BSI). This study aimed to analyze the distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogens responsible for BSI before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary hospital.
Pathogens from patients with BSI were collected from January 2018 to December 2022. Pathogen identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using broth microdilution, the Kirby-Bauer (K-B) disk diffusion method, and Etest. Data were analyzed using WHONET and SPSS software. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Research Committee of the hospital (2023-11-C026).
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the blood culture submission rate decreased from 12.82 to 11.07%, while the standardized blood culture positivity rate increased from 0.53 to 0.62%. Among the identified pathogens, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 67.90%, Gram-positive bacteria for 28.82%, and fungi for 3.28%. The most frequently isolated pathogens were , , and . The resistance rate of to ciprofloxacin increased from 60.10 to 66.84% post-pandemic, whereas showed a reduction in cefepime resistance, decreasing from 25.42 to 15.54%. Additionally, the proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing increased from 35.93 to 50.63%. In contrast, exhibited no significant changes in resistance to commonly used antibiotics post-pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the distribution and antibiotic resistance of pathogens in patients with BSI. Notably, the prevalence of ESBL-producing were increased, while the isolation rates of other multidrug-resistant organisms remained relatively stable.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行对全球医疗系统产生了重大影响，尤其提高了医疗机构对感染预防和控制的认识。然而，COVID-19对血流感染（BSI）发生的影响程度仍不清楚。本研究旨在分析一家三级医院在COVID-19大流行前后引起BSI的病原体的分布及抗生素耐药模式。
收集2018年1月至2022年12月BSI患者的病原体。使用基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）进行病原体鉴定。采用肉汤微量稀释法、 Kirby-Bauer（K-B）纸片扩散法和Etest进行药敏试验。使用WHONET和SPSS软件分析数据。本研究获医院医学伦理研究委员会批准（2023-11-C026）。
COVID-19大流行后，血培养送检率从12.82%降至11.07%，而标准化血培养阳性率从0.53%升至0.62%。在鉴定出的病原体中，革兰阴性菌占67.90%，革兰阳性菌占28.82%，真菌占3.28%。最常分离出的病原体是 、 和 。大流行后， 对环丙沙星的耐药率从60.10%升至66.84%，而 对头孢吡肟的耐药性有所降低，从25.42%降至15.54%。此外，产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的 的比例从35.93%升至50.63%。相比之下， 大流行后对常用抗生素的耐药性无显著变化。
COVID-19大流行影响了BSI患者病原体的分布及抗生素耐药性。值得注意的是，产ESBL的 的患病率增加，而其他多重耐药菌的分离率保持相对稳定。
