Ghanem Hadeel, Hassan Mostafa, Swideah Sarena, Wannous Hala
Department of Pediatric, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic.
Department of Neurosurgery, Tartous University, Tartous, Syrian Arab Republic.
Front Pediatr. 2025 Jul 28;13:1604511. doi: 10.3389/fped.2025.1604511. eCollection 2025.
Nephrocalcinosis is the deposition of calcium oxalate and phosphate in the kidneys. It is often asymptomatic and diagnosed via ultrasound. Symptoms may include hematuria or sterile leukocyturia. Based on echogenicity, it is classified as medullary or cortical. Although it may pose a problem in developing countries, it has not been adequately studied in the Middle East.
To investigate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of nephrocalcinosis for the first time in Syria. And to establish a primary database for such studies in Syria and the Middle East region.
This retrospective study was conducted in a single pediatric nephrology department of a tertiary university hospital in Damascus, Syria. We collected the medical records of patients with a primary diagnosis of nephrocalcinosis between January 2014 and January 2018. All clinical, laboratory examination, treatment, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed.
Among 75 patients Forty-one (54%) were males and 34 (46%) were females, the median age at presentation was 18 months. The most presenting symptom was incidentally found in 39% of cases, then failure to thrive in 32% of cases, and recurrent urinary tract infections in 10.5% of cases. The most common leading cause of nephrocalcinosis was metabolic disorders in 68% followed by tubulopathy in 20%. The cause of nephrocalcinosis remained unknown in 8%, and renal malformations for 4% of the cases. During the study, five children developed end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and fifteen children died from different causes.
This is the first Syrian study to review nephrocalcinosis cases. The most common leading cause of NC was metabolic disorders, most importantly, the patient with progressive nephrocalcinosis must be convinced that a high daily fluid intake is the most valuable therapeutic option.
肾钙质沉着症是草酸钙和磷酸盐在肾脏中的沉积。它通常无症状，通过超声诊断。症状可能包括血尿或无菌性白细胞尿。根据回声性，它可分为髓质性或皮质性。尽管它在发展中国家可能是个问题，但在中东地区尚未得到充分研究。
首次在叙利亚调查肾钙质沉着症的临床表现和结局。并为叙利亚和中东地区的此类研究建立一个主要数据库。
这项回顾性研究在叙利亚大马士革一所三级大学医院的单一儿科肾病科进行。我们收集了2014年1月至2018年1月期间初诊为肾钙质沉着症患者的病历。收集并分析了所有临床、实验室检查、治疗和随访信息。
75例患者中，41例（54%）为男性，34例（46%）为女性，就诊时的中位年龄为18个月。最常见的症状是39%的病例偶然发现，其次是32%的病例生长发育迟缓，10.5%的病例反复尿路感染。肾钙质沉着症最常见的主要原因是代谢紊乱，占68%，其次是肾小管病，占20%。8%的病例肾钙质沉着症的病因仍不明，4%的病例为肾畸形。在研究期间，5名儿童发展为终末期肾病（ESRD），15名儿童死于不同原因。
这是叙利亚首次回顾肾钙质沉着症病例的研究。肾钙质沉着症最常见的主要原因是代谢紊乱，最重要的是，必须让进行性肾钙质沉着症患者相信，每日大量饮水是最有价值的治疗选择。
