Lu Yang, Xu Zhiqiang, Wang Yuzhou, Wen Shiyu, Shi Yizhou, Qu Jia, Lu Fan, Hu Liang
National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China.
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Aug 11;13(8):e70552. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70552. eCollection 2025 Aug.
This study aims to investigate associations between omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and myopia. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to estimate the associations between plasma levels of omega-3 PUFAs and three traits of myopia, including myopia, high myopia (HM), and refractive spherical equivalent (RSE). Summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) and colocalization analysis were conducted to examine the associations between the FADS1 and FADS2 genes and three traits of myopia in European populations. The cross-sectional study based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was performed to explore the relationship in East Asian adolescents. In the Two-sample MR study, plasma levels of total omega-3 PUFAs (0.993[0.990, 0.996]), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0.992[0.989, 0.996]), and Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) (0.969[0.955, 0.983]) were found to be significantly and inversely associated with myopia in European populations, and similar results were shown in HM and RSE. SMR ( = -0.028, < 0.05; HEIDI test > 0.05) and colocalization analysis (PPH4 = 0.926) identified an association between the expression of the FADS1 gene in the retina, crucial in PUFAs biosynthesis, and high myopia. In the cross-sectional study, daily intake of DHA and EPA was found to be significantly associated with HM and RSE in East Asian adolescents. This study suggests a potential link between elevated omega-3 PUFAs levels and a reduced risk of myopia, highlighting the involvement of the PUFAs biosynthesis pathway in HM among European populations. Further exploration is needed to uncover the underlying processes of this causal association.
本研究旨在调查ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）与近视之间的关联。进行了两样本孟德尔随机化（MR）分析，以估计血浆ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸水平与三种近视特征之间的关联，这三种特征包括近视、高度近视（HM）和等效球镜度（RSE）。基于汇总数据的孟德尔随机化（SMR）和共定位分析用于检验欧洲人群中FADS1和FADS2基因与三种近视特征之间的关联。基于韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES）开展了横断面研究，以探索东亚青少年中的这种关系。在两样本MR研究中，发现欧洲人群中总ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（0.993[0.990, 0.996]）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）（0.992[0.989, 0.996]）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）（0.969[0.955, 0.983]）的血浆水平与近视显著负相关，在高度近视和等效球镜度方面也显示出类似结果。SMR（ = -0.028， < 0.05；HEIDI检验>0.05）和共定位分析（PPH4 = 0.926）确定了视网膜中对PUFAs生物合成至关重要的FADS1基因表达与高度近视之间存在关联。在横断面研究中，发现东亚青少年中DHA和EPA的每日摄入量与高度近视和等效球镜度显著相关。本研究表明ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸水平升高与近视风险降低之间存在潜在联系，突出了欧洲人群中PUFAs生物合成途径在高度近视中的作用。需要进一步探索以揭示这种因果关联的潜在机制。
