Hou Tengxuan, Ma Ruiqing, DeLawyer Tanner, Shinomori Keizo
J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2025 May 1;42(5):B101-B117. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.545384.
In our previous work [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A42, B81 (2025)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.545278], we demonstrated that the spatial local contrast influences color constancy performance by combining the effects of illuminant colors and background surface colors in two-dimensional (2D) stimuli. In this study, we investigated the impact of perceived scene dimensionality, achieved by using the perspective space technique in which a lighting box filled with a chromatic illuminant was simulated (abbreviated as 2D+ scene) on color constancy. White daylight (D65) and red, green, blue, and yellow chromatic illuminants illuminated the reference and test stimuli in a haploscopic view, respectively. Each stimulus consisted of a central 1.2° test patch surrounded by a 4.2° background of Mondrian-like overlapping chromatic patches and an outer 0.4° gray fringe. On a neutral background, the colors of the patches were in the hue circle around gray, and on chromatic backgrounds dominated by red, green, blue, and yellow, these patch colors were systematically shifted to one color direction in maintaining the hue circle. In the first two conditions, both the reference and test stimuli had the same background (neutral and complementary to the illuminant color). In contrast, in the last two conditions, in which both the illuminant color and the background dominant colors were systematically controlled, the reference and test stimuli had different backgrounds, and the color appearance of the backgrounds, except at the fringe, looked similar (the color of the illuminant and neutral). The results showed that in the 2D scene, the color constancy remarkably declined with systematic surface color changes under the last two conditions. On the contrary, in the 2D+ scene, this decline was strongly moderated, although the decline was still statistically significant, except for the green illuminant. These results suggest that if the illuminant color is perceived as a 3D light source in the 2D+ scene, the effectiveness of the illumination estimation is recovered, and the local contrast mechanism still partially contributes to color constancy. However, the simultaneous and systematic color shifts in illuminants and background surfaces still reduced the color constancy performance, despite the lighting box and fringe providing clear and consistent cues to estimate the illuminant colors.
在我们之前的工作[《美国光学学会志》A42, B81 (2025)；JOAOD60740 - 3232；10.1364/JOSAA.545278]中，我们证明了空间局部对比度通过在二维（2D）刺激中结合光源颜色和背景表面颜色的影响来影响颜色恒常性表现。在本研究中，我们研究了通过使用透视空间技术实现的感知场景维度对颜色恒常性的影响，在该技术中模拟了一个充满彩色光源的照明箱（简称为2D + 场景）。白色日光（D65）以及红色、绿色、蓝色和黄色彩色光源分别以单眼视图照亮参考刺激和测试刺激。每个刺激由一个中心1.2°的测试色块组成，周围是一个4.2°的类似蒙德里安风格的重叠彩色色块背景以及一个外部0.4°的灰色边缘。在中性背景上，色块颜色处于围绕灰色的色调圆中，而在以红色、绿色、蓝色和黄色为主的彩色背景上，这些色块颜色在保持色调圆的情况下系统地向一个颜色方向偏移。在前两种条件下，参考刺激和测试刺激具有相同的背景（中性且与光源颜色互补）。相比之下，在后两种条件下，光源颜色和背景主导颜色都受到系统控制，参考刺激和测试刺激具有不同的背景，并且背景的颜色外观，除了边缘处，看起来相似（光源颜色和中性色）。结果表明，在2D场景中，在后两种条件下，随着表面颜色的系统变化，颜色恒常性显著下降。相反，在2D + 场景中，这种下降得到了强烈缓解，尽管除了绿色光源外，这种下降在统计上仍然显著。这些结果表明，如果在2D + 场景中光源颜色被感知为三维光源，照明估计的有效性得以恢复，并且局部对比度机制仍然部分有助于颜色恒常性。然而，尽管照明箱和边缘提供了清晰且一致的线索来估计光源颜色，但光源和背景表面同时且系统的颜色变化仍然降低了颜色恒常性表现。
