住院老年人出院时宠物饲养与身体功能之间的关联：一项回顾性观察研究。
Association between pet ownership and physical function at discharge in hospitalized older adults: A retrospective observational study.
作者信息
Ishihara Yo, Fukaguchi Kiyomitsu, Koyama Hiroshi
机构信息
Department of Palliative Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, Narita, Chiba, Japan.
Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Kamakura, Kanagawa, Japan.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 12;20(8):e0330378. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0330378. eCollection 2025.
OBJECTIVES
Hospitalization can lead to a loss of physical function among older adults. While pet ownership has been reported to have beneficial effects on physical function, its impact on hospitalized patients remains unclear. We examined the association between pet ownership upon admission and physical function during hospitalization.
METHODS
This single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted between April 2013 and April 2023. Patients aged ≥65 years who were hospitalized for the first time due to pneumonia at our facility were included. Cases were identified through medical record searches using the keywords "pet", "dog", "cat", "ownership", and "keeping". Patients with unclear pet ownership status in the medical records were excluded from the analysis. Patients were classified into two groups: Pet Owners (PO) and Non-Pet Owners (NPO) upon admission. The Barthel index (BI) gain (the difference between admission and discharge BI scores) and BI efficiency (BI gain divided by hospital stay) were compared. Logistic regression was performed for patients with a BI gain >0 and discharge BI scores >85, indicating independence without functional decline, after adjusting for covariates.
RESULTS
A total of 248 patients were initially screened, we finally included 172 patients (69.4%) in the PO group and 46 patients (18.5%) in the NPO group. The median BI gain was 10 (0-30) and 2.5 (0.0-26.3) in the PO and NPO groups (p = 0.24), respectively. The median BI efficiency was 0.48 (0.00-1.87) and 0.16 (0.00-1.27) in the PO and NPO groups (p = 0.062), respectively. Current pet ownership was not associated with independence without functional decline, with an adjusted odds ratio of 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.15-3.94; p = 0.63).
CONCLUSIONS
This study found no association between current pet ownership and the maintenance of physical function in hospitalized older adults.
目的
住院可能导致老年人身体功能丧失。虽然据报道养宠物对身体功能有有益影响，但其对住院患者的影响仍不清楚。我们研究了入院时养宠物与住院期间身体功能之间的关联。
方法
本单中心、回顾性、观察性研究于2013年4月至2023年4月进行。纳入在我们机构因肺炎首次住院的65岁及以上患者。通过使用关键词“宠物”“狗”“猫”“所有权”和“饲养”进行病历检索来确定病例。病历中宠物所有权状态不明确的患者被排除在分析之外。患者入院时分为两组：宠物主人（PO）组和非宠物主人（NPO）组。比较Barthel指数（BI）增益（入院和出院BI评分之差）和BI效率（BI增益除以住院时间）。对BI增益>0且出院BI评分>85（表明独立且无功能下降）的患者在调整协变量后进行逻辑回归分析。
结果
最初共筛选出248例患者，最终PO组纳入172例患者（69.4%），NPO组纳入46例患者（18.5%）。PO组和NPO组的BI增益中位数分别为10（0 - 30）和2.5（0.0 - 26.3）（p = 0.24）。PO组和NPO组的BI效率中位数分别为0.48（0.00 - 1.87）和0.16（0.00 - 1.27）（p = 0.062）。当前养宠物与无功能下降的独立性无关，调整后的优势比为0.68（95%置信区间，0.15 - 3.94；p = 0.63）。
结论
本研究发现当前养宠物与住院老年患者身体功能的维持之间无关联。
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