Barrass Lucy, Redaniel Maria Theresa, Riglin Lucy, Lee Nanette R, Howe Laura D, Knipe Duleeka
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
NIHR ARC West, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025 Aug 12;5(8):e0004570. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004570. eCollection 2025.
Evidence suggests that associations between educational attainment and mental health may vary according to educational mobility (i.e., changes in educational attainment across generations). This evidence is largely limited to high-income countries. Using data from an ongoing birth cohort (Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey), we assessed the associations with mental health for both own educational attainment and intergenerational educational mobility (i.e., the difference in educational attainment between parents during pregnancy and the offspring aged 18 and 35 years) in 2,038 Filipino individuals. Primary mental health outcomes were depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation and psychological distress at age 35 years, with the former two measures used as secondary outcomes at age 18 years. We used logistic regression models, adjusting for sex and urbanicity at birth. Lower levels of educational attainment at age 35 years were associated with higher odds of depressive symptoms (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.68; 95% CI: 1.11-2.52) and psychological distress (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.09-2.17), but confidence intervals for suicidal ideation crossed the null (OR: 1.43; 95% CI: 0.91-2.26). Participants who had lower educational attainment than their parents at age 35 years (downward educational mobility) had higher odds of depressive symptoms compared to participants where both they and their parents had higher levels of educational attainment (OR: 3.12; 95% CI: 1.46-6.66). There was no statistical evidence of this association for the other outcomes. We also did not find statistical evidence that upward educational mobility was associated with mental health outcomes. Filipino individuals who had lower educational attainment than their parents showed higher levels of depressive symptoms compared to those whose parents and own education were both in the higher education category. We found limited evidence of these associations for other measured mental health outcomes.
有证据表明，教育程度与心理健康之间的关联可能因教育流动性（即代际教育程度的变化）而有所不同。这一证据主要限于高收入国家。我们利用一个正在进行的出生队列（宿务纵向健康与营养调查）的数据，评估了2038名菲律宾人自身教育程度和代际教育流动性（即孕期父母与18岁及35岁后代之间的教育程度差异）与心理健康之间的关联。主要心理健康结果是35岁时的抑郁症状、自杀意念和心理困扰，前两项指标在18岁时用作次要结果。我们使用逻辑回归模型，并对出生时的性别和城市化程度进行了调整。35岁时教育程度较低与抑郁症状（优势比（OR）：1.68；95%置信区间：1.11 - 2.52）和心理困扰（OR：1.54；95%置信区间：1.09 - 2.17）的较高几率相关，但自杀意念的置信区间包含无效值（OR：1.43；95%置信区间：0.91 - 2.26）。35岁时教育程度低于其父母的参与者（教育向下流动）与自身和父母教育程度都较高的参与者相比，有更高的抑郁症状几率（OR：3.12；95%置信区间：1.46 - 6.66）。对于其他结果，没有该关联的统计学证据。我们也没有发现统计学证据表明教育向上流动与心理健康结果相关。与父母和自身教育都属于高等教育类别的人相比，教育程度低于其父母的菲律宾人表现出更高水平的抑郁症状。对于其他测量的心理健康结果，我们发现这些关联的证据有限。
