Hua Lisa, Donald William A
School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
Chemosphere. 2025 Sep;385:144611. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144611. Epub 2025 Aug 11.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as major persistent organic contaminants in global drinking water supplies. While PFAS contamination has been widely reported, their occurrence in Australian drinking water remains understudied. To address this gap, 32 tap water and 12 bottled water samples were collected across Sydney, Australia. The samples were preconcentrated using StrataX-AW solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and analysed for 50 PFAS compounds using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), obtaining ultra-trace detection limits (0.031-5.1 ppt), low relative standard deviation (9-12 %), and high recovery (92-99 %). Of the 50 PFAS monitored, 31 were detected, including the first-reported detection of a short-chained fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (3:3 FTCA) in any drinking water and a fluorophosphoric acid diester (6:2 diPAP) in tap water. Compared to previous studies, 21 PFAS were detected in Sydney tap water that had not been previously reported in Australia. PFAS profiles differed between the catchment source and drinking tap water, persisting or appearing in altered proportions at the tap. Notably, maximum PFOS concentrations in some North Richmond catchment samples (6 ppt) were at or above U.S. EPA (4 ppt) but below endorsed 2025 Australian drinking water guidelines (8 ppt). These findings expand current knowledge of PFAS occurrence in drinking water and underscore the need for further assessment of their sources, distribution and environmental persistence.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）已成为全球饮用水供应中的主要持久性有机污染物。虽然PFAS污染已被广泛报道，但其在澳大利亚饮用水中的存在情况仍未得到充分研究。为了填补这一空白，在澳大利亚悉尼采集了32份自来水和12份瓶装水样本。使用StrataX-AW固相萃取（SPE）柱对样本进行预浓缩，并采用液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）分析50种PFAS化合物，获得了超痕量检测限（0.031 - 5.1ppt）、低相对标准偏差（9 - 12%）和高回收率（92 - 99%）。在所监测的50种PFAS中，检测到31种，包括在任何饮用水中首次报告检测到短链氟调聚物羧酸（3:3 FTCA）以及在自来水中检测到氟磷酸二酯（6:2 diPAP）。与之前的研究相比，在悉尼自来水中检测到21种PFAS，这些PFAS此前在澳大利亚未曾报道过。集水区水源水和饮用水龙头水中的PFAS谱不同，在水龙头处持续存在或比例发生变化。值得注意的是，一些北里士满集水区样本中的全氟辛烷磺酸最高浓度（6ppt）达到或超过了美国环保署的标准（4ppt），但低于2025年澳大利亚饮用水准则认可的标准（8ppt）。这些发现扩展了当前关于饮用水中PFAS存在情况的知识，并强调需要进一步评估其来源、分布和环境持久性。
