Tembo Kingsley Miyanda, Wang Xiaohui, Bolideei Mansoor, Liu Qianrui, Baboni Farouk, Mehran Mohammad Javad, Sun Fei, Wang Cong-Yi
The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Sciences and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Healit Research International/TRACE Research, Untold Global Healit Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2025 Aug 12;23(1):563. doi: 10.1186/s12951-025-03602-9.
Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles, facilitate intercellular communication by transferring biomolecules such as microRNAs (miRNAs), which are key regulators of gene expression. While mammalian-derived exosomes (MDEs) have shown therapeutic promise, their clinical application has been limited by challenges such as immune-related toxicities, low yield and high production costs. In contrast, plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNs) offer a sustainable, biocompatible, and cost-effective alternative, encapsulating a diverse array of bioactive miRNAs with significant therapeutic potential. Studies have demonstrated the ability of PELN-derived miRNAs in cross-kingdom communication, effectively transferring into mammalian cells, where they modulate disease-related pathways, including cancer, inflammation, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. This review explores the bioactivity of plant-derived miRNAs, highlighting their role as novel therapeutic agents. The study explores the bioactivity and potential mechanisms by which these miRNAs influence human cellular processes, focusing on their ability to regulate gene expression in different tissues. Additionally, the study examines recent advances in PELN research, emphasizing their potential for clinical translation in precision medicine, and highlights challenges and future prospects in harnessing the therapeutic capabilities of these bioactive miRNAs. This review underscores the potential of PELNs to revolutionize therapeutic strategies, offering a sustainable, biocompatible, and cost-effective platform for targeted miRNA delivery, paving the way for innovative interventions leveraging nature's own nanocarriers.
外泌体是纳米级的细胞外囊泡，通过转运诸如微小RNA（miRNA）等生物分子来促进细胞间通讯，而微小RNA是基因表达的关键调节因子。虽然哺乳动物来源的外泌体（MDEs）已显示出治疗前景，但其临床应用受到免疫相关毒性、产量低和生产成本高等挑战的限制。相比之下，植物来源的类外泌体纳米颗粒（PELNs）提供了一种可持续、生物相容性好且具有成本效益的替代方案，其包裹着一系列具有显著治疗潜力的生物活性miRNA。研究表明，PELN来源的miRNA具有跨物种通讯能力，能有效转移到哺乳动物细胞中，在那里它们调节与疾病相关的途径，包括癌症、炎症、代谢和神经退行性变。本综述探讨了植物来源miRNA的生物活性，强调了它们作为新型治疗剂的作用。该研究探讨了这些miRNA影响人类细胞过程的生物活性和潜在机制，重点关注它们在不同组织中调节基因表达的能力。此外，该研究还考察了PELN研究的最新进展，强调了它们在精准医学临床转化中的潜力，并突出了利用这些生物活性miRNA治疗能力所面临的挑战和未来前景。本综述强调了PELNs在革新治疗策略方面的潜力，为靶向miRNA递送提供了一个可持续、生物相容性好且具有成本效益的平台，为利用自然界自身的纳米载体进行创新干预铺平了道路。
