Sergazy Shynggys, Adekenov Sergazy, Khabarov Ilya, Adekenova Kymbat, Maikenova Assiya, Aljofan Mohamad
Research and Production Center Phytochemistry, Gazaliyev Street, Karaganda 100009, Kazakhstan.
National Laboratory Astana, Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 19;26(10):4857. doi: 10.3390/ijms26104857.
Exosomes, nanoscale vesicles involved in intercellular communication, have garnered significant attention for their potential in drug delivery and therapeutic applications. This review provides a comparative analysis of mammalian-derived exosomes, particularly milk-derived exosomes, and plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PDENs). It explores their biogenesis, bioactivities, and functional similarities, including their roles in cellular communication, immune modulation, and disease therapy. While milk-derived exosomes exhibit promising biocompatibility and stability for targeted delivery, PDENs offer distinct advantages, such as scalability and inherent bioactivities, derived from their plant sources. Despite similarities in their structure and cargo, PDENs differ in lipid composition and protein profiles, reflecting plant-specific functions. Emerging research highlights the therapeutic potential of PDENs in managing inflammation, oxidative stress, and other diseases, emphasizing their utility as functional food components and nanocarriers. However, challenges related to their chemical stability and large-scale production require further investigation. This review underscores the need for advanced studies to fully harness the potential of these natural nanocarriers in drug-delivery systems and therapeutic interventions.
外泌体是参与细胞间通讯的纳米级囊泡，因其在药物递送和治疗应用方面的潜力而备受关注。本综述对哺乳动物来源的外泌体，特别是牛奶来源的外泌体，以及植物来源的外泌体样纳米颗粒（PDENs）进行了比较分析。探讨了它们的生物发生、生物活性和功能相似性，包括它们在细胞通讯、免疫调节和疾病治疗中的作用。虽然牛奶来源的外泌体在靶向递送方面表现出良好的生物相容性和稳定性，但PDENs具有独特的优势，如可扩展性和源自植物来源的固有生物活性。尽管它们在结构和内容物上有相似之处，但PDENs在脂质组成和蛋白质谱方面存在差异，反映了植物特有的功能。新兴研究突出了PDENs在管理炎症、氧化应激和其他疾病方面的治疗潜力，强调了它们作为功能性食品成分和纳米载体的实用性。然而，与其化学稳定性和大规模生产相关的挑战需要进一步研究。本综述强调需要进行深入研究，以充分发挥这些天然纳米载体在药物递送系统和治疗干预中的潜力。
