Timmons B A, Araujo J, Thomas T R
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985 Dec;17(6):673-8. doi: 10.1249/00005768-198512000-00009.
To study substrate utilization during cold temperature exercise, seven men dressed in shorts, T-shirts, and light gloves performed 60 min of continuous cycle ergometer exercise at -10 degrees C and 22 degrees C. The workload at both temperatures represented 66% of the cycle-measured maximal heart rate. Oxygen consumption and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were measured at rest and during 60 min of exercise. Rates of total and fat energy utilization (kJ X min-1) during exercise were calculated from VO2 and RER. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance indicated that at rest oxygen consumption averaged 56% higher and RER 5% lower at -10 degrees C. During exercise, oxygen consumption averaged 10% higher (P less than 0.05), and RER averaged 2% lower (P less than 0.05) at -10 degrees C. The rates of total energy use (mean +/- SD = 39.3 +/- 1.2 vs 35.7 +/- 1.3 kJ X min-1; P less than 0.05) were significantly higher at -10 degrees C than at 22 degrees C. In addition, the rate of fat use increased significantly in both groups after 30 min of exercise. The cumulative total energy expenditure for 60 min of exercise was 13% higher (2379 +/- 308 vs 2110 +/- 415 kJ; P less than 0.05 and the cumulative fat expenditure was 35% higher (979 +/- 209 vs 724 +/- 184 kJ: P less than 0.05) in the cold environment. These results indicate that a cold environment can significantly enhance fat utilization during endurance exercise.
为研究低温运动期间的底物利用情况，七名身着短裤、T恤和轻型手套的男性在-10℃和22℃下进行了60分钟的持续蹬车测力计运动。两个温度下的工作量均相当于通过蹬车测得的最大心率的66%。在静息状态以及运动60分钟期间测量了耗氧量和呼吸交换率（RER）。根据耗氧量和呼吸交换率计算运动期间总的和脂肪能量利用速率（kJ·min-1）。双因素重复测量方差分析表明，静息时，-10℃下的平均耗氧量高56%，呼吸交换率低5%。运动期间，-10℃下的平均耗氧量高10%（P<0.05），呼吸交换率平均低2%（P<0.05）。-10℃下的总能量使用速率（均值±标准差=39.3±1.2 vs 35.7±1.3 kJ·min-1；P<0.05）显著高于22℃。此外，两组运动30分钟后脂肪利用速率均显著增加。60分钟运动的累积总能量消耗在寒冷环境中高13%（2379±308 vs 2110±415 kJ；P<0.05），累积脂肪消耗高35%（979±209 vs 724±184 kJ：P<0.05）。这些结果表明，寒冷环境可显著提高耐力运动期间的脂肪利用。
