Gautam Rohit, Jha Neha, Tomar Anuj Kumar, Nirala Jay Prakash, Arora Taruna, Rajamani Paulraj
School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
Division of RCN, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
Andrology. 2025 Aug 12. doi: 10.1111/andr.70107.
The widespread usage of millimeter waves (MMW) in different spheres of the public domain necessitates to have a better understanding of any possible health impacts caused by them. The latest example of this is the global implementation of 5G technology.
The present investigation aimed to study the effects of 35.5 GHz frequency on reproductive parameters of male Wistar rats.
The study employed a randomized controlled design, with animals being assigned to control, sham-exposed, and exposed groups, with six animals in each group (n = 6). The experimental group was exposed to 35.5 GHz frequency for 2 h per day for 60 days. At the end of the exposure period, various sperm parameters such as sperm count, morphology, viability, and sperm mitochondrial activity were evaluated. The evaluation of oxidative stress was done by lipid peroxidation assay in testis homogenate. Superoxide dismutase, total sulfhydryl level, and total antioxidant capacity were assessed in testis homogenate. The DNA damage in the testis was assessed through the comet assay.
The results showed a significant decrease in sperm viability and count, as well as morphometric changes in testis histopathology. Lipid peroxidation testis was significantly elevated in the exposed group, while superoxide dismutase (SOD), total sulfhydryl level, and total antioxidant capacity were significantly decreased in the exposed group. The comet assay revealed a significant increase in DNA damage in the exposed group, indicating genotoxic effects.
The observed changes in sperm parameters, testicular morphology, and oxidative stress markers highlight the potential for testicular tissue damage via oxidative mechanisms. These results underscore the need for further research to elucidate the biological implications of chronic MMW exposure.
Chronic exposure to 35.5 GHz frequency may negatively impact male reproductive function and testicular tissue, primarily through mechanisms involving oxidative stress.
毫米波（MMW）在公共领域的不同领域广泛应用，因此有必要更好地了解其可能造成的任何健康影响。最新的例子就是5G技术在全球的应用。
本研究旨在探讨35.5GHz频率对雄性Wistar大鼠生殖参数的影响。
本研究采用随机对照设计，将动物分为对照组、假暴露组和暴露组，每组6只动物（n = 6）。实验组每天暴露于35.5GHz频率下2小时，持续60天。在暴露期结束时，评估各种精子参数，如精子数量、形态、活力和精子线粒体活性。通过睾丸匀浆中的脂质过氧化测定来评估氧化应激。评估睾丸匀浆中的超氧化物歧化酶、总巯基水平和总抗氧化能力。通过彗星试验评估睾丸中的DNA损伤。
结果显示精子活力和数量显著下降，睾丸组织病理学也有形态计量学变化。暴露组睾丸脂质过氧化显著升高，而暴露组超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、总巯基水平和总抗氧化能力显著降低。彗星试验显示暴露组DNA损伤显著增加，表明有基因毒性作用。
观察到的精子参数、睾丸形态和氧化应激标志物的变化突出了通过氧化机制导致睾丸组织损伤的可能性。这些结果强调需要进一步研究以阐明慢性毫米波暴露的生物学意义。
长期暴露于35.5GHz频率可能主要通过涉及氧化应激的机制对雄性生殖功能和睾丸组织产生负面影响。
