Haifete Anna N, Brysiewicz Petra
School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
School of Nursing and Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia.
Health SA. 2025 Jul 31;30:2930. doi: 10.4102/hsag.v30i0.2930. eCollection 2025.
Surgical site infection (SSI) is a prevalent healthcare-associated infection worldwide, defined as any incisional infection occurring within 30 days post-operation or within 1 year in the presence of an implant. Healthcare-associated infections represent a significant threat to patient health and continue to pose a major global challenge.
This study aims to determine the prevalence of SSI and identify associated factors among patients in surgical wards who have undergone surgical procedures in Windhoek, Namibia.
This study was conducted in two state hospitals in Windhoek, Namibia.
This study employed a quantitative, hospital-based cross-sectional design, utilising a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent surgical procedures between March 2019 and February 2021.
The overall prevalence of SSI was 10.1% (95% confidence interval: 8.4% - 11.8%). Hospitals 1 and 2 had a prevalence of 11.5% and 8.7%, respectively. Factors associated with SSIs were found to be age groups 31-60 years, male patients, postoperative hospital stays ≥ 5 days, emergency surgery, abdominal and lower extremity surgeries, operation referred from other hospitals, previous history of surgery, 1 h-2 h duration of surgery and deceased patients. Diabetes mellitus, HIV/AIDS, cancer, malignancy and multiple comorbidities were also noted to increase the risk of SSIs.
The prevalence of SSI in this study remains high, and therefore, context-based interventions should focus on the factors identified to guide the effective management of patients.
This study provides evidence to improve surgical site infections in Namibia.
手术部位感染（SSI）是全球普遍存在的医疗相关感染，定义为术后30天内发生的任何切口感染，或在植入物存在的情况下1年内发生的感染。医疗相关感染对患者健康构成重大威胁，仍然是一个重大的全球挑战。
本研究旨在确定纳米比亚温得和克接受手术治疗的外科病房患者中SSI的患病率，并确定相关因素。
本研究在纳米比亚温得和克的两家国立医院进行。
本研究采用基于医院的定量横断面设计，对2019年3月至2021年2月期间接受手术的患者进行回顾性病历审查。
SSI的总体患病率为10.1%（95%置信区间：8.4% - 11.8%）。医院1和医院2的患病率分别为11.5%和8.7%。发现与SSI相关的因素包括31 - 60岁年龄组、男性患者、术后住院时间≥5天、急诊手术、腹部和下肢手术、从其他医院转诊的手术、既往手术史、手术持续时间1 - 2小时以及死亡患者。还注意到糖尿病、艾滋病毒/艾滋病、癌症、恶性肿瘤和多种合并症会增加SSI的风险。
本研究中SSI的患病率仍然很高，因此，基于具体情况的干预措施应侧重于所确定的因素，以指导对患者的有效管理。
本研究为改善纳米比亚的手术部位感染提供了证据。
