Cysteamine effects on monoamines, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis.

Cysteamine (beta-mercaptoethylamine, MEA) is a naturally occurring sulfhydryl compound that depletes pituitary PRL, causes a reduction in brain and gut somatostatin (SRIF), and suppresses norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) synthesis by inhibition of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). SRIF inhibits GH and TSH secretion, whereas, NE and EPI facilitate their release. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) determine the dose-response and time course of DBH inhibition by MEA in vivo and in vitro, and correlate these findings with MEA tissue levels and (2) assess the function of SRIF and NE/EPI in regulation of episodic GH and TSH secretion using MEA. Animals were administered MEA (75-300 mg/kg, s.c.) and hypothalamic levels of dopamine (DA), NE, EPI, serotonin (5-HT) and MEA were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrochemical detection. DBH activity was measured in vitro after exposure to MEA +/- N-ethylmaleimide (NEMI). Chronically cannulated rats were administered MEA (100 or 300 mg/Kg) and serial blood samples were removed in undisturbed animals, and after 30 min swimming stress. Cannulated rats with bilateral lesions of the ventromedial/arcuate nuclei (VMN/ARC) were administered MEA (150 mg/kg). MEA caused a dose-related decrease in NE/EPI nd in increase in DA at doses greater than or equal to 150 mg/kg. Tissue MEA was highest at 4 h (679 +/- 64 pM/mg tissue), but still measureable after 24 h. MEA inhibited DBH in vitro (95% inhibition at 10(-3) M); NEMI blocked inhibition. Stress-induced GH supression and corticosterone release were partially blocked by a low dose of MEA (100 mg/kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)