葡萄渣添加对泌乳中期奶山羊产奶量、奶品质及甲烷排放的影响
Effect of grape pomace supplementation in mid-lactation dairy ewes on production and quality of milk and methane emissions.
作者信息
Carta Silvia, Correddu Fabio, Steri Roberto, Zilio David Meo, Cesarani Alberto, Pulina Giuseppe, Nudda Anna
机构信息
Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Monterotondo, Italy.
出版信息
J Anim Sci. 2025 Jan 4;103. doi: 10.1093/jas/skaf237.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of including grape pomace (GP) in the diets of ewes during mid-lactation on milk composition, milk coagulation properties (MCP), and methane emissions, using a Laser Methane Detector (LMD). Twenty-four Sarda dairy sheep, homogeneous in body weight (BW; 59.1 ± 0.75 kg), milk yield (MY; 2.4 ± 0.007 kg/d), and days in milk (DIM; 101 ± 1 d), were allocated into 3 treatment groups. The control group (CTR) received no GP supplementation, the GP100 group was supplemented with 100 g/d per head of GP, and the GP150 group with 150 g/d per head of GP. The trial lasted 6 wk, including 1 wk for adaptation and 5 for sampling. Feed intake was recorded daily using an individual automatic feeding system (Biocontrol AS, Rakkestad, Norway), and individual milk samples were collected weekly. Methane emissions were measured during the final week of the trial over 3 consecutive days during both morning and evening milkings, with 2-min measurements per ewe. The inclusion of GP, at both dosages, did not affect milk yield, fat content, or protein content. However, GP reduced the concentration of saturated fatty acids (SFA) while increasing monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and total unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) in the milk. Notably, GP150 significantly increased the levels of CLA cis-9, trans-11, and C18:1 trans-11 compared to the CTR and GP100 groups. ME, expressed as respiration and eructation peaks, were not affected by GP supplementation. The means of concentration of methane during eructation events were 188.7, 160.64, and 185.45 ppm for CTR, GP100, and GP150, respectively. These results suggest that including 100 to 150 g of GP per day in the diet of lactating ewes can improve the fatty acid profile of milk without negatively impacting production traits, offering potential benefits for milk quality.
本研究的目的是使用激光甲烷检测仪(LMD)评估在泌乳中期母羊日粮中添加葡萄渣(GP)对牛奶成分、牛奶凝固特性(MCP)和甲烷排放的影响。将24只体重(BW;59.1±0.75千克)、产奶量(MY;2.4±0.007千克/天)和泌乳天数(DIM;101±1天)相近的撒丁岛奶羊分为3个处理组。对照组(CTR)不补充GP,GP100组每头每天补充100克GP,GP150组每头每天补充150克GP。试验持续6周,包括1周的适应期和5周的采样期。使用个体自动饲喂系统(Biocontrol AS,挪威拉克斯塔德)每天记录采食量,并每周采集个体奶样。在试验的最后一周,在早晚挤奶期间连续3天测量甲烷排放,每只母羊测量2分钟。两种剂量的GP添加均未影响产奶量、脂肪含量或蛋白质含量。然而,GP降低了牛奶中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的浓度,同时增加了单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和总不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)的含量。值得注意的是,与CTR组和GP100组相比,GP150组显著提高了CLA cis-9, trans-11和C18:1 trans-11的水平。以呼吸和嗳气峰值表示的甲烷排放(ME)不受GP添加的影响。CTR组、GP100组和GP150组嗳气事件期间甲烷浓度的平均值分别为188.7、160.64和185.45 ppm。这些结果表明,在泌乳母羊日粮中每天添加100至150克GP可以改善牛奶的脂肪酸组成,而不会对生产性能产生负面影响,对牛奶质量具有潜在益处。
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