Correddu Fabio, Caratzu Maria Francesca, Lunesu Mondina Francesca, Carta Silvia, Pulina Giuseppe, Nudda Anna
Dipartimento di Agraria, Animal Science Unit, University of Sassari, Viale Italia, 39, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Foods. 2023 Feb 17;12(4):865. doi: 10.3390/foods12040865.
The continuous increase in the cost of feeds and the need to improve the sustainability of animal production require the identification of alternative feeds, such as those derived from the agro-industrial sector, that can be effectively used for animal nutrition. Since these by-products (BP) are sources of bioactive substances, especially polyphenols, they may play an important role as a new resource for improving the nutritional value of animal-derived products, being effective in the modulation of the biohydrogenation process in the rumen, and, hence, in the composition of milk fatty acids (FA). The main objective of this work was to evaluate if the inclusion of BP in the diets of dairy ruminants, as a partial replacement of concentrates, could improve the nutritional quality of dairy products without having negative effects on animal production traits. To meet this goal, we summarized the effects of widespread agro-industrial by-products such as grape pomace or grape marc, pomegranate, olive cake, and tomato pomace on milk production, milk composition, and FA profile in dairy cows, sheep, and goats. The results evidenced that substitution of part of the ratio ingredients, mainly concentrates, in general, does not affect milk production and its main components, but at the highest tested doses, it can depress the yield within the range of 10-12%. However, the general positive effect on milk FA profile was evident by using almost all BP at different tested doses. The inclusion of these BP in the ration, from 5% up to 40% of dry matter (DM), did not depress milk yield, fat, or protein production, demonstrating positive features in terms of both economic and environmental sustainability and the reduction of human-animal competition for food. The general improvement of the nutritional quality of milk fat related to the inclusion of these BP in dairy ruminant diets is an important advantage for the commercial promotion of dairy products resulting from the recycling of agro-industrial by-products.
饲料成本的持续上涨以及提高动物生产可持续性的需求，要求人们寻找替代饲料，例如源自农工业部门的饲料，这些饲料可有效地用于动物营养。由于这些副产品（BP）是生物活性物质尤其是多酚的来源，它们可能作为一种新资源，在提高动物源性产品营养价值方面发挥重要作用，对瘤胃中的生物氢化过程具有调节作用，进而对乳脂肪酸（FA）的组成产生影响。这项工作的主要目的是评估在反刍动物日粮中添加BP作为部分精料替代品，是否能够提高乳制品的营养质量，同时又不会对动物生产性能产生负面影响。为实现这一目标，我们总结了葡萄渣或葡萄皮渣、石榴、橄榄饼和番茄渣等常见农工业副产品对奶牛、绵羊和山羊的产奶量、乳成分及FA谱的影响。结果表明，一般来说，部分替代日粮成分（主要是精料）不会影响产奶量及其主要成分，但在最高测试剂量下，产奶量可能会降低10%-12%。然而，几乎所有BP在不同测试剂量下对乳FA谱都有普遍的积极影响。在日粮中添加这些BP，添加量为干物质（DM）的5%至40%，不会降低产奶量、乳脂肪或蛋白质产量，在经济和环境可持续性以及减少人畜食物竞争方面都表现出积极特性。将这些BP添加到反刍动物日粮中，普遍改善了乳脂肪的营养质量，这对于推广利用农工业副产品回收生产的乳制品具有重要优势。
