Ibrahim Abdalla I A, Abdelgyoum Hafeia A, Elfaki Noor S, Elbadawi Mohamed H, Kashif Eyad
Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
BMC Infect Dis. 2025 Aug 13;25(1):1017. doi: 10.1186/s12879-025-11437-w.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide, exacerbated by rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as a result of overuse and misuse of antibiotics. This study aims to assess local bacterial etiologies and their resistance and sensitivity patterns to commonly used antibiotics in Sudan.
This retrospective study utilized secondary data from the Nile Medical Compound in Port Sudan. Total coverage of all data from June/2023 to March/2024 were included, which yielded 328 samples.
Most of the samples were from females (64.3%), and significant differences were found in pathogen detection between genders (p = 0.001). 69.8% was positive for a single pathogen, with Escherichia coli (31.3%) being the most common, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.5%), and Staphylococcus aureus (8.8%). Females had higher rates of E.coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa and Enterococci spp. Notably, 23.7% of positive samples were resistant to 4-6 antibiotic classes, with females having significantly higher percentages of antibiotic resistance than males. Gentamicin showed the highest sensitivity (74.1%) among cultures, as two-thirds of E. coli were sensitive to it. Sensitivity patterns also revealed that the majority of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis had notable sensitivity to gentamicin. Almost all detected pathogens were resistant to 4-6 classes of drugs with Enterococcus faecalis having the highest percentage of resistance and Staphylococcus aureus having the least.
Despite some high sensitivity rates, resistance to multiple antibiotic classes remains a concern, underscoring the need for continuous surveillance and localized treatment guidelines. Moreover, our study highlights the significant difference in resistance patterns between males and females, which suggests that more research is needed to elaborate on the reasons.
尿路感染（UTIs）是全球最常见的传染病之一，由于抗生素的过度使用和滥用导致抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）上升，使情况更加恶化。本研究旨在评估苏丹当地的细菌病因及其对常用抗生素的耐药性和敏感性模式。
这项回顾性研究利用了苏丹港尼罗河医疗综合机构的二手数据。纳入了2023年6月至2024年3月所有数据的全部覆盖范围，共获得328个样本。
大多数样本来自女性（64.3%），性别之间在病原体检测上存在显著差异（p = 0.001）。69.8%的样本单一病原体呈阳性，其中大肠埃希菌（31.3%）最为常见，其次是铜绿假单胞菌（9.5%）和金黄色葡萄球菌（8.8%）。女性中大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠球菌属的感染率更高。值得注意的是，23.7%的阳性样本对4 - 6类抗生素耐药，女性的抗生素耐药百分比显著高于男性。庆大霉素在培养物中显示出最高的敏感性（74.1%），因为三分之二的大肠埃希菌对其敏感。敏感性模式还显示，大多数金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌对庆大霉素有显著敏感性。几乎所有检测到的病原体对4 - 6类药物耐药，粪肠球菌的耐药百分比最高，金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药百分比最低。
尽管有一些高敏感率，但对多种抗生素类别的耐药性仍然是一个问题，这突出了持续监测和制定本地化治疗指南的必要性。此外，我们的研究强调了男性和女性耐药模式的显著差异，这表明需要更多研究来阐明其原因。
