Sun Shujun, Chen Jing, Cui Pan, Yang Xiaoxiao, Zheng Yuhan, Ma Zijian, Liu Yong, Liu Xiang
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
Rural Revitalization Collaborative Technology Service Center of Anhui Province, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China.
Animals (Basel). 2025 Aug 1;15(15):2257. doi: 10.3390/ani15152257.
The white button mushroom () is a widely cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom, which contains various active substances, and has application value against pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture. Firstly, water extract (AB-WE) was prepared. Through the detection kits, it was found that the polysaccharide, protein, and polyphenol components of AB-WE were 9.11%, 3.3%, and 1.5%, respectively. The 246 compounds were identified in AB-WE, and the major small-molecule components included L-Isoleucine, L-Tyrosine, L-Valine, and Linoleic acid by HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS. Secondly, the AB-WE was evaluated for its immunological activities through dietary administration and pathogen challenge ( and ) in goldfish (). The results showed that the levels of immune factors of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and lysozyme (LZM) increased ( < 0.05) in goldfish, and the relative percentage survival of AB-WE against and were 80.00% ( < 0.05) and 81.82% ( < 0.05), respectively. The AB-WE reduced the bacterial content in renal tissue, enhanced the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, and exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the expression of antioxidant-related factors and inflammatory factors. Through histopathological and immunofluorescence techniques, it was found that AB-WE maintained the integrity of visceral tissues and reduced renal tissue apoptosis and DNA damage. Therefore, AB-WE exhibits immunoprotective activity against and infections in fish, and holds promise as an immunotherapeutic agent against major pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture.
白蘑菇（）是一种广泛种植的食用兼药用蘑菇，含有多种活性物质，在水产养殖中对病原菌具有应用价值。首先，制备水提取物（AB-WE）。通过检测试剂盒发现，AB-WE的多糖、蛋白质和多酚成分分别为9.11%、3.3%和1.5%。通过HPLC-Q Exactive-Orbitrap-MS在AB-WE中鉴定出246种化合物，主要的小分子成分包括L-异亮氨酸、L-酪氨酸、L-缬氨酸和亚油酸。其次，通过在金鱼（）中进行日粮投喂和病原菌攻毒（和）来评估AB-WE的免疫活性。结果表明，金鱼体内酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和溶菌酶（LZM）等免疫因子水平升高（<0.05），AB-WE对和的相对存活率分别为80.00%（<0.05）和81.82%（<0.05）。AB-WE降低了肾脏组织中的细菌含量，增强了白细胞的吞噬活性，并通过降低抗氧化相关因子和炎症因子的表达表现出抗氧化和抗炎作用。通过组织病理学和免疫荧光技术发现，AB-WE维持了内脏组织的完整性，减少了肾脏组织凋亡和DNA损伤。因此，AB-WE对鱼类感染和具有免疫保护活性，有望成为水产养殖中对抗主要病原菌的免疫治疗剂。
