框架之内:介孔二氧化硅MCM-41、SBA-15和SBA-16的结构探索
Inside the Framework: Structural Exploration of Mesoporous Silicas MCM-41, SBA-15, and SBA-16.
作者信息
Karczmarska Agnieszka, Laskowska Wiktoria, Stróż Danuta, Pawlik Katarzyna
机构信息
Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-31-342 Krakow, Poland.
Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Częstochowa University of Technology, PL-42-201 Częstochowa, Poland.
出版信息
Materials (Basel). 2025 Jul 31;18(15):3597. doi: 10.3390/ma18153597.
In the rapidly evolving fields of materials science, catalysis, electronics, drug delivery, and environmental remediation, the development of effective substrates for molecular deposition has become increasingly crucial. Ordered mesoporous silica materials have garnered significant attention due to their unique structural properties and exceptional potential as substrates for molecular immobilization across these diverse applications. This study compares three mesoporous silica powders: MCM-41, SBA-15, and SBA-16. A multi-technique characterization approach was employed, utilizing low- and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to elucidate the structure-property relationships of these materials. XRD analysis confirmed the amorphous nature of silica frameworks and revealed distinct pore symmetries: a two-dimensional hexagonal () structure for MCM-41 and SBA-15, and three-dimensional cubic () structure for SBA-16. Nitrogen sorption measurements demonstrated significant variations in textural properties, with MCM-41 exhibiting uniform cylindrical mesopores and the highest surface area, SBA-15 displaying hierarchical meso- and microporosity confirmed by NLDFT analysis, and SBA-16 showing a complex 3D interconnected cage-like structure with broad pore size distribution. TEM imaging provided direct visualization of particle morphology and internal pore architecture, enabling estimation of lattice parameters and identification of structural gradients within individual particles. The integration of these complementary techniques proved essential for comprehensive material characterization, particularly for MCM-41, where its small particle size (45-75 nm) contributed to apparent structural inconsistencies between XRD and sorption data. This integrated analytical approach provides valuable insights into the fundamental structure-property relationships governing ordered mesoporous silica materials and demonstrates the necessity of combined characterization strategies for accurate structural determination.
在材料科学、催化、电子、药物递送和环境修复等快速发展的领域中,开发用于分子沉积的有效基底变得越来越关键。有序介孔二氧化硅材料因其独特的结构特性以及在这些不同应用中作为分子固定化基底的巨大潜力而备受关注。本研究比较了三种介孔二氧化硅粉末:MCM - 41、SBA - 15和SBA - 16。采用了多技术表征方法,利用低角度和广角X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气物理吸附和透射电子显微镜(TEM)来阐明这些材料的结构 - 性能关系。XRD分析证实了二氧化硅骨架的无定形性质,并揭示了不同的孔对称性:MCM - 41和SBA - 15为二维六方()结构,SBA - 16为三维立方()结构。氮气吸附测量表明结构性质存在显著差异,MCM - 41具有均匀的圆柱形介孔且表面积最高,SBA - 15通过NLDFT分析证实具有分级介孔和微孔,SBA - 16显示出具有宽孔径分布的复杂三维相互连接的笼状结构。TEM成像提供了颗粒形态和内部孔结构的直接可视化,能够估计晶格参数并识别单个颗粒内的结构梯度。这些互补技术的整合被证明对于全面的材料表征至关重要,特别是对于MCM - 41,其小粒径(45 - 75 nm)导致XRD和吸附数据之间明显的结构不一致。这种综合分析方法为控制有序介孔二氧化硅材料的基本结构 - 性能关系提供了有价值的见解,并证明了组合表征策略对于准确结构测定的必要性。
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