The First Report on Agarwood Formation of (Lour.) Spreng Induced by .

(Lour.) Gilg, the exclusive botanical source of Chinese agarwood, holds significant medicinal value. This study investigated the agarwood-inducing potential of a strain obtained through prior isolation work. Through integrated morphological characterization and molecular phylogenetic analysis, the strain was conclusively identified as . GC-MS analysis revealed that fungal inoculation induced the synthesis of characteristic sesquiterpenes and aromatic compounds consistent with natural agarwood profiles. Quantitative determination demonstrated progressive accumulation of agarotetrol, a key quality marker, reaching 0.034%, 0.039%, and 0.038% at 2, 4, and 6 months post-inoculation, respectively-significantly exceeding levels from physical wounding ( < 0.05) and PDA control treatments. Histological examination showed characteristic yellow-brown oleoresin deposits concentrated in the inner phloem, mirroring the anatomical features of wild-type agarwood. Critical quality parameters measured in December-harvested samples included ethanol extractives (17.69%), chromone derivatives 2-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone, and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone (2.13%), all meeting or surpassing the specifications outlined in the National Standard for Agarwood Classification (LY/T 3223-2020). These comprehensive findings establish as a promising microbial agent for sustainable agarwood production in plantations.